{"id":1321,"date":"2022-02-07T00:02:41","date_gmt":"2022-02-07T00:02:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/?p=1321"},"modified":"2022-02-10T17:57:57","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T17:57:57","slug":"the-online-internets-resources-and-bibliography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/en\/the-online-internets-resources-and-bibliography\/","title":{"rendered":"The Online Internets’ Resources and Bibliography"},"content":{"rendered":"

This General Public Online Bibliography is a Compilation of the Main Sources, Books and Articles about the Internet, its global and emerging trends, main companies and general resources in the US and in dozens of countries.<\/strong><\/p>\n

This document \u00ab Les sources du web \u00bb\/\u00abThe internet’s resources and bibliography \u00bb is a general bibliography about \u00abthe internets \u00bb. It aggregates hundreds of book references and articles about the internet easily reachable\u00a0to researchers, journalists or startupers.<\/p>\n

This 50+ pages bibliography has been\u00a0initially made for my book Smart<\/em> (Publisher: Stock, Paris, 2014, translated in a dozen countries) but it is constantly updated here. It begins with general references and statistical sources, followed by books and articles by topic and\/or by country. Some notes and statistics are included throughout the different sections. The presentation follows this outline:<\/p>\n

\u2013 General references<\/p>\n

\u2013 Statistical sources<\/p>\n

\u2013 Books and articles by topic and\/or country<\/p>\n

[*** Legal information<\/u>: This document is provided by the website www.fredericmartel.com It is under a Creative Commons label : cc by-nc. With the exception of this label, all other rights reserved.<\/em> \u00a9 Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel (2016) ]<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

General Bibliography<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

General References on the internet, Culture, Medias and Globalization at Large<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 This online bibliography is the digital companion\u00a0of my book Smart <\/em>which is the third volume of an investigation on culture and globalization. It uses some historical background and information from my previous books\u00a0: F. Martel, De la Culture en Am\u00e9rique<\/em> (publisher: Gallimard, 2006) and Mainstream<\/em> (publisher: Flammarion, 2012). My PhD dissertation has been used as well: F. Martel, Politique publique, philanthropie priv\u00e9e et int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral dans le syst\u00e8me culturel am\u00e9ricain<\/em> (PhD directed by Pierre Rosanvallon\u00a0; 6 vol., 3 888 p., EHESS, 2006\u00a0; it contains a 140 pages bibliography, 434 original documents from the US National Archives\u00a0; Dissertation available at the EHESS library, Paris, and at the Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale de France, Paris). To summarize my researches, one could say that I worked on three main US cultural and communication agencies: on the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), see De la Culture en Am\u00e9rique\u00a0<\/em>; for the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), see Mainstream\u00a0<\/em>; for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), see Smart<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Other general references:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Eric Schmidt, Jared Cohen, The New Digital Age: Reshaping the Future of People<\/em>, Nations and Business, Knopf, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ken Auletta, The Highwaymen, Warriors of the information superhighway<\/em>, Random House, 1997. (Compilation of articles by New Yorker journalist, Ken Auletta).<\/p>\n

\u2014 Backstory, Inside the Business of News<\/em>, Penguin Press, 2003, 296 p.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Media Man, Ted Turner\u2019s Improbable Empire<\/em>, Atlas Books, 2004\u00a0, 205 p.<\/p>\n

\u2014 World War 3.0, Microsoft vs. the U.S. Government and the Battle to Rule the Digital Age<\/em>, Broadway Books, 2001, 444 p.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Googled, The End of the World As We Know It<\/em>, Virgin Books, 2009.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations, and the Remaking of World Order<\/em>, Simon & Schuster, 1996, 367 p.\u00a0; Translation\u00a0: Le Choc des civilisations<\/em>, Odile Jacob, 2007.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Joseph Nye, Soft Power, The Means to Success in World Politics<\/em>, PublicAffairs, 192 p., 2004.<\/p>\n

\u2014 The Paradox of American Power\u00a0: Why the World\u2019s Only Super Power Can\u2019t Go it Alone<\/em>, 2002.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Parag Khanna, The Second World, How Emerging Powers Are Redefining Global Competition in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>, Random House, 465 p., 2008.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Fareed Zakaria, The Post-American World<\/em>, and the Rise of the Rest<\/em>, Norton, 2008, 292 p. (Paperback by Penguin Books). Translation\u00a0: L\u2019Empire am\u00e9ricain\u00a0: l\u2019heure du partage<\/em>, Saint-Simon, 260 p., pr\u00e9face d\u2019Hubert V\u00e9drine, 2009.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Thomas Friedman, The World is Flat, A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century<\/em>, Picador, 2005.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

General References on the Economics of Creative Industries <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Richard E. Caves, Creative Industries\u00a0: Contracts Between Art and Commerce<\/em>, Harvard University Press, Cambridge\/Massachusetts, 2000, 454 p.<\/p>\n

\u2013 V.A. Ginsburgh, D. Throsby, ed., Handbook of the Economics of Art & Culture<\/em>, 2006, 1400 p., publisher : North-Holland.<\/p>\n

\u2013 David Hesmondhalgh, The Cultural Industries<\/em>, SAGE Publications, 2002. (See \u201cChange and Continuity, Power and Creativity\u201d, on the history of the expression \u201ccultural industries\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u2013 David Throsby, Economics and Culture<\/em>, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 208 p. (Throsby is a funder of the economy of culture).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Media Groups and Concentrations in the US<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Paul Starr, The Creation of the Media, Political Origins of Modern Communications<\/em>, Basic Books, New York, 2004. (A key book about media history: for the history of radio regulation see part 3, pp. 233-403).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mara Einstein, Media Diversity, Economics, Ownership and the FCC<\/em>, 2004, 249 p. (A key book on the subject, especially on the Federal Communications Commission, and the specific subject of \u00ab\u00a0Financial Interest and Syndication Rules\u00a0\u00bb or \u00ab\u00a0Fin-Sin\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Edwin C. Baker, Media Concentration and Democracy\u00a0: Why Ownership Matters<\/em>, Cambridge University Press, 2006<\/p>\n

\u2013 Leo Bogart, Commercial Culture, the Media System & the Public Interest, Oxford University Press<\/em>, 2000<\/p>\n

\u2013 Benjamin M. Compaine, Douglas Gomery, Who Owns the Media\u00a0? Competition and Concentration in the Mass Media Industry<\/em>, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey, 2000, {3rd<\/sup> ed}, 604 p. (A book updated in each new edition).<\/p>\n

\u2013 James T. Hamilton, All the News That\u2019s Fit To Sell, Princeton University Press<\/em>, 2006, 352 p.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Robert W. McChesney, Rich Media, Poor Democracy, Communications Politics in Dubious Time<\/em>, University of Illinois Press, 1999, 427 p. (See chapter\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0The Media System Goes Global).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Other books on the subject\u00a0: Kevin Kelly, What Technology Wants<\/em>, Viking, 2010\u00a0; James Gleick, The Information, A History, a Theory, a Flood, Fourth Estate<\/em>, 2011\u00a0; Nicholas Carr, The Shallows, What the Internet is doing to Our Brains<\/em>, Norton, 2011.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

About internet and Democracy<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion\u00a0: the Dark Side of Internet Freedom<\/em>, Public Affairs, 2011 and To Save Everything Click Here\u00a0: the Folly of Technological Solutionism<\/em>, Public Affairs, 2013 (Morozov is a key opponent of the idea that the internet is as an accelerator of democracy).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Michael Gladwell, \u00ab\u00a0Small Change, Why the Revolution will not be Tweeted\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, Oct 4, 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nicholas A. Christakis & James Fowler, Connected, The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape our Lives<\/em>, Little, Brown & Company, 2009.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Joe Trippi, The Revolution will not be Televised, Democracy, The Internet and the Overthrow of Everythin<\/em>g, Regan Books, 2004.<\/p>\n

\u2013 John Mcginnis, Accelerating Democracy, Matching Governance to Technological Change<\/em>, Princeton University, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Amartya Sen, Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny<\/em>, Norton, 2006. By the same author,\u00a0see: \u00ab\u00a0Democracy and Its Global Roots: Why Democratization is Not the Same as Westernization\u00a0\u00bb, New Republic<\/em>, October 6, 2003.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

About the \u00ab\u00a0internets\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 The expression \u00ab\u00a0the internets\u00a0\u00bb has been in the air for a while but, in general, it has mainly been used ironically. Its origins can be traced to a speech by George W. Bush during the presidential campaign in 2004\u00a0: \u00ab I hear there\u2019s rumors on the, uh, Internets\u00bb<\/em>. (here is the video<\/a>)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Some other uses of \u00ab\u00a0the internets\u00a0\u00bb do exist, but there are generally ironic. The magazine Wired<\/em> has used \u00ab\u00a0internet\u00a0\u00bb without capitalization for some time.<\/p>\n

\u2013 See also\u00a0: Eli Pariser, The Filter Buble,<\/em> What the Internet is Hiding from You<\/em>, Penguin, 2012<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Theory and General Readings<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Marshall Mc Luhan, Understanding Media<\/em>, 1964\u00a0; translation\u00a0: Pour comprendre les m\u00e9dia<\/em>, Mame\/Seuil, 1968, republished\u00a0: 1977. On Mc Luhan, see also\u00a0: Philip Marchand, Marshall McLuhan, The Medium and the Messenger<\/em>, The MIT Press, 1989.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Other readings\u00a0: Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Fogel & Bruno Patino, La Condition num\u00e9rique<\/em>, Grasset, 2013\u00a0; Norbert Wiener, The Human Use of Human Beings, <\/em>Doubleday Anchor Book, 1950\u00a0; Manuel Castells, Communication et pouvoir, <\/em>Editions de la Maison, des sciences de l\u2019homme.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Internet statistics <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On Internet statistics I use data from the World Bank and the International Telecommunication Union (The World Bank\/ITU, The Little Data Book on Information and Communication Technology, 2013<\/em>, Geneva, 2013). See also: International Telecommunication Union, ICT, Facts and Figures, 2013<\/em>, Geneva, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 WTO, International Trade Statistics<\/em>, 2008, p. 255. (Among the best ressource on data and streams of international culture).<\/p>\n

\u2013 IMF. I use Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook<\/em>, 2008 and the World Economic Outlook<\/em>, July 2009.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Europe\u00a0: I use Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Communities)\u00a0: Eurostat Pocketbooks, Science, Technology and Innovation in Europe, <\/em>2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 UNESCO. I use data from the Unesco\u2019s Institute for Statistics. See\u00a0: UNESCO Institute for Statistic, UNESCO Sector for Culture, International Flows of Selected Cultural Goods and Services, 1994-2003, <\/em>2005 (not necessarily reliable)<\/p>\n

\u2013 IDATE, DigiWorld Yearbook 2008<\/em>, p. 175.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Ranking\u00a0: To get a first overview of any website ranking, I use alexa.com which is sufficiently reliable.<\/p>\n

\u2013 PriceWaterHouseCoopers, Global Entertainment and Media Outlook\u00a0: 2008-2012, Forecasts and Economic Analyses of 15 Industry Segments<\/em>, unpublihed and confidential document p. 792, New York (15 creative sectors and 59 countries).<\/p>\n

\u2013 I also recommend the helpful \u00ab\u00a0Internet Trends 2014\/Code Conference\u00a0\u00bb, an annual report edited by Mary Meeker for KPCB (Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield et Byers, USA). (Free online at http:\/\/www.kpcb.com).<\/p>\n

\u2013 For data about internet users in the US, see the Census Statistical Abstract<\/a>\u00a0: \u00a0; In particular, see this table<\/a>\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u2013 For broadband (cable\/fiber optics) and dial-up statistics in the US, I use NTIA data. Basically, in 2011, 50 % of US Households had access to the internet through cable\u00a0; 34 % DSL\u00a0; 6 % fiber optics\u00a0; 3 % satellite\u00a0; 3 % dial-up. See<\/a>
\nMore recently (2014), these numbers are\u00a0: 60 % of US households get the internet through cable\u00a0; 32 % by DSL\/phone\u00a0; 8% by fiber optic). Overall, high speed broadband is late and the US are in 15th position on internet speed worldwide).<\/p>\n

\u2013 For the movie industry and digital home video, see\u00a0: MPAA reports\u00a0; Nielsen data\u00a0; Variety<\/em> and the Hollywood Reporter<\/em> ; for international box office\u00a0: www.boxofficemojo.com<\/a>. On music and online music, see: Nielsen SoundScan (every Wednesday to subscripters) and Billboard<\/em>. On the book market (US\/Canada), see: Nielsen BookScan. On advertissement, I use Advertising Age<\/em>. On radio\u2019s statistics, see\u00a0: Top 200 (for commercial ones) and CMJ New Music Report at www.cmj.com<\/a> (for non profit ones).<\/p>\n

\u2013 In addition, I use several other sources, both global and national\u00a0: Emarketer (http:\/\/www.emarketer.com<\/a>)\u00a0; the Google Transparency Report (google.com\/transparencyreport)\u00a0; the CIA World Factbook\u00a0; METI (for Japan cultural industries)\u00a0; 2002 Gallup Poll of the Islamic World (an interesting comparison about TV in 9 muslim countries: Pakistan, Iran, Indonesia, Turkey, Lebanon, Marrocco, Kuwait, Jordan and Saudi Arabia).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Silicon Valley and the US<\/h2>\n

On Silicon Valley <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said, How the 60s Counter-culture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry<\/em>, Penguin Book, 2006<\/p>\n

\u2013 Fred Turner, From Counterculture to Cyberculture\u00a0: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the rise of digital utopianism<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 2006<\/p>\n

\u2013 Steven Levy, Hackers, Heroes of the Computer Revolution<\/em>, 1984\u00a0; trans.\u00a0: L\u2019Ethique des hackers<\/em>, Globe, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 A few key articles\u00a0: Nathan Heller, \u00ab\u00a0Bay Watched\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, October, 14, 2013 (on the relations between San Francisco counterculture and the start-up economy)\u00a0; D. T. Max, \u00ab\u00a0Two-Hit Wonder\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, October, 21, 2013 (On Jack Dorsey, founder of Twitter and Square)\u00a0; George Packer, \u00ab\u00a0Change the World. Silicon Valley Transfers its Slogans and its Money to the Realm of Politics\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, May, 27, 2013\u00a0; Yiren Lu, \u00ab\u00a0Silicon Valley\u2019s Youth Problem\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times Magazine<\/em>, March 12, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On US direct and indirect subsidies to Silicon Valley\u00a0: Mariana Mazzucato, The Entrepreneurial State,<\/em> Anthem Press, 2013. See also the article\u00a0: Somini Sengupta, \u00ab\u00a0The Pentagon as Silicon Valley\u2019s Incubator\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, August 22, 2013\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0The Entrepreneurial State\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist, <\/em>August 31st, 2013. (See also, below, indirect subsidies to the US video game industry).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Sarah Lacy, Once You\u2019re Lucky, Twice You\u2019re Good. The Rebirth of Silicon Valley and the Rise of Web 2.0<\/em>, Gotham Books, 2008.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Tad Friend, \u00ab\u00a0Tomorrow\u2019s Advance Man<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Cloud<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 George Gilder, \u00ab\u00a0The Information Factories<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Wired<\/em>, Octobre 2006 (a dated but prescient article on the cloud).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Quentin Hardy, \u00ab\u00a0Google Joins a Heavyweight Competition in Cloud Computing<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>December 3, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Quentin Hardy, \u00ab\u00a0The Era of Cloud Computing<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Big Data<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Viktor Mayer-Schonberger & Kenneth Cukier, Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work and Think<\/em>, John Murray ed., 2013 (reed. in paperback in 2014).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On \u00ab\u00a0acqui-hiring\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

– Miguel Helft, \u00ab\u00a0For Buyers of Web Start-Ups, Quest to Corral Young Talent<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, May 17, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

On Stanford University<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Ken Auletta, \u00ab\u00a0Get Rich U<\/a>.\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, April, 30, 2012 (a key article on Stanford University)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Stephen Adams, Follow the Money, Engineering at Stanford and UC Berkeley During the Rise of Silicon Valley<\/em>, Minerva, 2009. Paper.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Stanford alumni created 69,000 corportations\u00a0: 39,900 for profit and 30,000 non-profit\u00a0: these numbers come from Charles E. Eesley, William Miller, \u00ab\u00a0Stanford University\u2019s Economic Impact via Innovation and Entrepreurship\u00a0\u00bb, October 2012 (a study by Stanford\/Sequoia Capital).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

MIT (Medialab)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On US universities and innovation (especially MIT), see also\u00a0: Henry Etzkowitz, MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science<\/em>, Routledge, 2002\u00a0; William J. Mitchell, e-topia, <\/em>The MIT Press, 1999 (Mitchell\u00a0is a key figure at MIT and the Dean of the School of Architecture and Planning)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Frank Moss, The Sorcerers and Their Apprentices: How the Digital Magicians of the MIT Media Lab are Creating the Innovative Technologies That Will Transform Our Lives<\/em>. Crown Business 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Stewart Brand, The Media Lab\u00a0: Inventing the Future at MIT<\/em>. Penguin Books ltd 1989.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Research, Development and Innovation
\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Jean-Baptiste Soufron, \u00ab\u00a0Les acrobates de l\u2019innovation<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Esprit, <\/em>Juillet 2011.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Demography & gender issues in Silicon Valley<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Demography\u00a0: Yiren Lu, \u00ab\u00a0Silicon Valley\u2019s Youth Problem<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>, March 12, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On male-dominated Silicon Valley culture\u00a0: Ken Auletta, \u00ab\u00a0A Woman\u2019s Place. Can Sheryl Sandberg Upend Silicon Valley\u2019s Male-Dominated Culture\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, July 11-18, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Howard Gardner and Katie Davis, The App Generation: How Today\u2019s Youth Navigate Identity, Intimacy, and Imagination in a Digital World<\/em>, Yale University Press, 2013.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Social Media<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Thousands of books and articles have been written on specific companies (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, Twitter etc.). I would like to mention here only articles that I found interesting for my research\u00a0: see below those on Google, Yahoo, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, Twitter, AOL, Dropbox, Tumblr, Vine, Airbnb, Kickstarter etc.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Google<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Eric Schmidt, Jared Cohen, The New Digital Age, Reshaping the Future of People<\/em>, Nations and Business, Knopf, 2013 (a book by the CEO of Google). See also\u00a0: Eric Schmidt, Jared Cohen, \u00ab\u00a0The Future of Internet Freedom<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 11, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Adam Fisher, \u00ab\u00a0Google\u2019s Road Map to Global Domination<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>December 12, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 C\u00e9cile Ducourtieux, \u00ab\u00a0Google Influences : le lobbying habile du g\u00e9ant d’Internet en France<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Le Monde,<\/em> December 21, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Steven Levy, How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes our Lives<\/em>, Simon & Schuster, 2011 (see chapter\u00a0: Google.Gov).<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Google\u2019s issues with US Regulators. On Street View see\u00a0: David Streitfeld, \u00ab\u00a0Google Concedes That Drive-Bt Prying Violated Privacy\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 12, 2013\u00a0; Claire Cain Miller, \u00ab\u00a0Google Accused of Wiretrapping in Gmail Scans\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, October 1, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Fred Vogelstein, Dogfight, How Apple and Google Went to War and Started a Revolution<\/em>, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, November 1, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ken Auletta, Googled, The End of the World As We Know It<\/em>, Virgin Books, 2009.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nicholas Lemann, \u00ab\u00a0When G.M. Was Google<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Yahoo<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Richard Beales, Robert Cyran, \u00ab\u00a0Why It May Take More Than Former Google Stars to Turn Yahoo Around\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>January 16, 2014\u00a0; Vindu Goel, \u00ab\u00a0With Ad Dollars Elusive, Yahoo\u2019s Revenue Falls<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, January 28, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nicholas Carlson, \u00ab\u00a0What Happened When Marissa Mayer Tried to Be Steve Jobs<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Apple<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 The (official) biography of Steve Jobs is well-known and has been a global best-seller\u00a0: Walter Isaacson, Steve Jobs<\/em>, Simon & Schuster, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Fred Vogelstein, \u00ab\u00a0And then Steve Said, \u2018Let There Be an iPhone\u2019<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>Octobre 4, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the Justice Department\u2019s Lawsuit against Apple\u00a0: David Streitfeld, \u00ab\u00a0Cut in E-book pricing by Amazon is Set to Shake Rivals<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, April 11, 2012<\/p>\n

\u2013 Edward Wyatt and Nick Wingfield, \u00ab\u00a0U.S. Now Paints Apple as \u201cRingmaster\u201d in its Lawsuit on E-book Price-Fixing<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, May 14, 2013<\/p>\n

\u2013 Brian Chen, \u00ab\u00a0U.S. Cites Phone Calls in Apple Pricing Case<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, June 3, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Molly Wood, \u00ab\u00a0The Map Apps That Move You in the Right Direction\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Matt Richtel and Brian X. Chen, \u00ab\u00a0Tim Cook, Making Apple His Own<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Brent Schlender and Rick Tetzeli, Becoming Steve Jobs\u00a0: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart Into a Visionary Leader<\/em>, Crown Business 2015<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Facebook<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Tom Standage, Writing on the Wall, Social Media. The First 2,000 Years<\/em>, Bloomsbury, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0The Value of Friendship<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, February 4th, 2012\u00a0; David Kushner, \u00ab\u00a0Facebook Philosophy: Move Fast and Break Things. Hacker Culture Is Alive and Well at Facebook\u00a0\u00bb, Spectrum\/IEEE\u00a0<\/em>; Miguel Helft and matt Richtel, \u00ab\u00a0Facebook Prepares to Add Friends in Washington<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 28, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Facebook and regulation\u00a0: Somini Sengupta, \u00ab\u00a0FTC Settles Privacy Issue at Facebook\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em><\/a>, November 29, 2011\u00a0; Vindu Goel and Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0Facebook Privacy Change is Subject of FTC Inquiry<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, September 11, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 For the quotation of Mark Zuckerberg about \u00ab\u00a0terrorism\u00a0\u00bb, see: George Packer, \u00ab\u00a0Change the World<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, May 27, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0How to win friends and influence people<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb The Economist<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

On Amazon <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 <\/em>Mike Isaac, \u00ab\u00a0Amazon\u2019s Jeff Bezos Ewplains Why He Bought The Wahsington Post<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 <\/em>Farhad Manjoo, \u00ab\u00a0Amazon\u2019s Grand Design in Devices<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 See also below the chapter on Content & Culture below <\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Microsoft<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 \u00adKen Auletta, World War 3.0, Microsoft vs. the US Government, and the Battle to Rule the Digital Age<\/em>, Broadway Books, 2001 (on the battle between the Department of Justice, Antitrust division, and Microsoft).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nick Wingfield, \u00ab\u00a0U.S. Said to Look into Microsoft Bribery Allegations<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 19, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Kurt Eichenwald, \u00ab\u00a0Microsoft\u2019s Lost Decade<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Vanity Fair<\/em>, August 2012.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Twitter
\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Nick Bilton, Hatching Twitter, A True Story of Money, Power, Friendship and Betrayal<\/em>, Portfolio\/Penguin, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Steven Levy, \u00ab\u00a0The Many Sides of Jack Dorsey<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Wired<\/em>, July 2012.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

On AOL<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013\u00a0 Ken Auletta, \u00ab\u00a0You\u2019ve got News, Can Tim Armstrong save AOL\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, January 24, 2011.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Wikipedia<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Andrew Lih, The Wikipedia Revolution<\/em>, Hyperion, 2009 (afterword by Jimmy Wales).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Stacy Schiff, \u00ab\u00a0Know It All: Can Wikipedia Conquer Expertise\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, July 31, 2006.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Jonathan Dee, \u00ab\u00a0All the News That\u2019s Fit to Print Out<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, July 1, 2007.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Wikipedia statistics, I use data made available by Wikipedia itself\u00a0: General information\u00a0: http:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/FR\/<\/a>\u00a0; Some graphs : http:\/\/www.wikistatistics.net\/wiki\/fr<\/a>\u00a0; about consultations\u00a0:\u00a0 http:\/\/wikiscan.org\/live<\/a>\u00a0; Wikimedia Grid Report\u00a0: http:\/\/ganglia.wikimedia.org\/latest\/<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Medium <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013\u00a0 Nancy Scola, \u00ab\u00a0How Medim is breaking Washington\u2019s op-ed habit<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Politico<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On PayPal <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013\u00a0 George Parker, The Unwinding<\/em>, chapter \u00ab\u00a0Silicon Valley\u00a0\u00bb, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Instagram <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013\u00a0 Caroline Moss, \u00ab\u00a0The First Family of Instagram<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uber<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 A profile of the founder of Uber\u00a0: Rana Foroohar\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0The Disrupter, Travis Kalanick<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Time, december 21, 2015.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pinterest<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Mike Isaac, \u00ab\u00a0Pinterest Pushing Deeper Into Ads<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Others Start-ups\u00a0: <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On Dropbox\u00a0: Marcus Wohlsen, \u00ab\u00a0Dropbox has a Radical Plan\u00a0: Become the Portal to Your Digital World \u2013 and Join the Ranks of Apple, Google and Facebook<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Wired<\/em>, Oct 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Tumblr\u00a0: Leslie Kaufman, \u00ab\u00a0Tumblr to End Storyboard and Dismiss 3 Employees<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, April 10, 2013\u00a0; Rob Walker, \u00ab\u00a0Can Tumblr\u2019s David Karp Embrace Ads Without Selling Out\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, July 16, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Vine\u00a0: Mat Honan, \u00ab\u00a0Loopers\u00a0: The Founders of Vine talk about their 6-Second Sensation\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, Wired<\/em>, July 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Airbnb\u00a0: Elizabeth A. Harris, \u00ab\u00a0The Airbnb Economy in New York\u00a0: Lucrative but Often Illegal\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, November 4, 2013\u00a0; David Streitfeld, \u00ab\u00a0New York\u2019s Case Against Airbnb Is Argued in Albany<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, April 22, 2014\u00a0; Eric Schneiderman, \u00ab Taming the Digital Wild West<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, April 22, 2014 (Schneiderman is attorney general of the State of New York).<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Kickstarter\u00a0: Carlye Adler, \u00ab\u00a0Brothers of Invention<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Wired<\/em>, Mars 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On LinkedIn\u00a0: Nicholas Lemann, \u00ab\u00a0The Network Man<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Internet Archive<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Jill Lepore, \u00ab\u00a0The Cobweb<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Internet Regulations<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Regulations in the US (background)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Paul Starr, The Creation of the Media, Political Origins of Modern Communications<\/em>, Basic Books, 2004 (with an historical perspective).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Tim Wu, The Master Switch, The Rise and Fall of Information Empires<\/em>, Vintage Books, 2011<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ken Auletta, \u00ab\u00a0The Referee\u00a0\u00bb, in The Highwaymen, Warriors of the Information Superhighway<\/em>, Random House, 1997 (chapter on the FCC)<\/p>\n

\u00ad\u2014 World War 3.0, Microsoft vs. the US Government, and the Battle to Rule the Digital Age<\/em>, Broadway Books, 2001 (on the battle between Dpt of Justice, and its Antitrust division, and Microsoft).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mara Einstein, Media Diversity, Economics, Ownership and the FCC<\/em>, Publisher: Erlbaum, 2004\u00a0(on \u00ab\u00a0Fin-syn\u00a0\u00bb)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Howard J. Blumenthal, Oliver Goodenough, This Business of Television<\/em>, Billboard Books, 2006 (several shorts chapters on the FCC)<\/p>\n

\u2013 See also\u00a0: William Kennard, \u00ab\u00a0Strategic Plan\u00a0: A new FCC for the 21st Century\u00a0\u00bb, Report to the FCC, 1999\u00a0and Ev Ehrlich, \u00ab\u00a0A Progressive Broadband Policy Agenda\u00a0\u00bb, note from the Progressive Policy Institute, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Regarding these issues, I also used several articles by UCLA\u2019s professor, Gabriel Rossman.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On F. D. Roosevelt and Regulations during the New Deal<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Arthur Schlesinger, The Age of Roosevelt<\/em>, 3 volumes, 1951-1958. I especially use The Crisis of the Old Order<\/em> (vol. 2) and The Coming of the New Deal<\/em> (vol. 3)<\/p>\n

\u2013 See also\u00a0: Alan Brinkley, Franklin Delano Roosevelt<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 2010\u00a0; Jean Edward Smith, FDR<\/em>, Random House, 2007.<\/p>\n

\u2013 I found the speech by Roosevelt about the creation of the Federal Communications Commission in the Public Papers<\/em> at the Roosevelt Library in Hyde Park (New York State) where I visited his archives. On the \u00ab\u00a0fireside chats\u00a0\u00bb at the radio, see: Lawrence W. Levine and Cornelia R. Levine, ed., The People and the President\u00a0: America\u2019s Extraordinary Conversation with FDR<\/em>, Beacon Press, 2002.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

On Supreme Court Decisions<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Kermit L. Hall, James W. Ely Jr., The Oxford United States Supreme Court Decisions<\/em>, 2nd<\/sup> Edition, Oxford University Press, 2009, 495 p.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Peter Irons, A People\u2019s History of the Supreme Court, The Men and Women Whose Cases and Decisions Have Shaped Our Constitution<\/em>, Penguin Books, 1999.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

On Rupert Murdoch, Fox TV, 20th<\/sup> Century Fox and Regulations<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Ken Auletta, \u00ab\u00a0The Pirate\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, November 13, 1995 (this article shows how Rupert Murdoch helped to change FCC television regulations).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Key books are mentionned in the beginning of this bibliography. See also: Brian Stelter and Jenna Wortham, \u00ab\u00a0FCC Plan to Widen Internet Access in US Sets Up Battle\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 12, 2010\u00a0; Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0New Chief of the F.C.C is Confirmed\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, October 30, 2013\u00a0; Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0F.C.C Nominee Favors Competition Over Regulation<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, June 18, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the history of the FCC: Edmund Andrews, \u00ab\u00a0Pursuing Al Sike\u2019s Grand Agenda<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York<\/em> Times<\/em>, June 2, 1991.<\/p>\n

\u2013 David Balto and Hal Singer, \u00ab\u00a0The FCC\u2019s Incentive Auction\u00a0: Getting Spectrum Policy Right<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Progressive Policy Institute, Paper, September 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Gabriel Hyman Rossman, \u00ab\u00a0The Effects Of Ownership Concentration on Media Content\u00a0\u00bb, Academic Paper, September 2005.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Articles on the FTC and regulations: Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0F.T.C. Says Webcam\u2019s Flaw Put Users\u2019 Lives on Display<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, September 4, 2013.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Documents from The Department of Commerce (NTIA) <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 The Departement of Commerce, \u00ab\u00a0Copyright Policy, Creativity, and Innovation in the Digital Economy<\/a>\u00bb, Paper, June 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 The Departement of Commerce, \u00ab\u00a0Exploring the Digital Nation\u00a0: America\u2019s Emerging Online Experience<\/a> \u00bb, Paper, June 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 The Departement of Commerce, \u00ab\u00a0Consumer Data Privacy in a Networked World<\/a> \u00bb, Paper, February 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 The Department of Commerce, \u00ab\u00a0Exploring The Digital Nation Computer and Internet Use at Home<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Paper, November 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 The Departement of Commerce, \u00ab\u00a0Cybersecurity, Innovation and the Internet Economy<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Paper, June 2011.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Other internet Regulations <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On the Children\u2019s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998, or Coppa, see: Natasha Singer, \u00ab\u00a0New Online Privacy Rules for Children<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, December 19, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Russell Southwood, \u00ab\u00a0Policy and Regulatory Issues in the Mobile internet<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, APC, <\/em>May, 2011.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Barack Obama\u2019s internet Regulations <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On the Obama administration, I use the book by Susan Crawford, Captive Audience\u00a0: The Telecom Industry and Monopoly Power in the New Gilded Age<\/em>, Yale University Press, 2013 (Crawford, former assistant to the President, emphasizes the necessity for some kind of regulation for the telecom, cable and internet industries).<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the links between Google and the Federal Government, see: Steven Levy, How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes our Lives<\/em>, Simon & Schuster, 2011 (see chapter: \u00ab\u00a0Google.Gov\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n

\u2013 The Obama project for Digital Government\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Building a 21st Century Platform to Better Serve the American People<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Official document, The White House, May 23, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 I also read some more general books about the Obama administration and policies: Michael Grunwald, The New New Deal\u00a0: The Hidden Story of Change in the Obama Era<\/em>, Simon & Schuster, 2012 ; John Heilemann & Mark Halperin, Game Change, Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime<\/em>, Harper, 2010\u00a0; Jonathan Alter, The Promise, President Obama, Year One<\/em>, Simon & Schuster, 2010\u00a0; David Remnick, The Bridge, The Life and Rise of Barack Obama<\/em>, Picador, 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the new positions of Chief Technologies Officer and Chief Information Officer: Steve Lohr, \u00ab\u00a0White House Names a New Chief of Information Technology<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, August 4, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Obama at large: Sasha Issenberg, The Victory Lab, The Secret Science of Winning Campaigns<\/em>, Crown Publishers, 2012 (a key book on the use of internet during the Obama 2012 campaign).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On US e-Diplomacy<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Jared Cohen, Children of Jihad, A Young American\u2019s Travels among the Youth of the Middle East<\/em>, Gotham Books, 2007. (The book is more a travel report on the Middle East than a plan for the Department of State, but Cohen was appointed to a post overseeing digital diplomacy after its publication).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Jesse Lichtenstein, \u00ab\u00a0Digital Diplomacy<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, 16 juillet 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 James Glanz and John Markoff, \u00ab\u00a0U.S. Underwrites Internet Detour Around Censors\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, June 12, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Steven Lee Myers, Heather Timmons, \u00ab\u00a0Clinton Urges Countries Not to Stifle Online Voices<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, December 8, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nicholas Lemann, \u00ab\u00a0Worlds Apart, Obama, McCain, and the Future of Foreign Policy<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, October 13, 2008.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Virtual Relations, Digital Diplomacy<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, September, 22, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Gr\u00e9goire Chamayou, A Theory of the Drone<\/em>, Hardcover 2015.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the FCC and \u00ab\u00a0Net Neutrality\u00a0\u00bb (and the Consequences of the Decision \u00ab\u00a0Verizon v.\u00a0Federal Communications Commission\u00a0\u00bb in 2013)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0F.C.C., in a Shift, Backs Fast Lanes for Web Traffic<\/a> \u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>April 23, 2014\u00a0; Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0Top Cable Lobbyist Argues Against Broadband as Utility\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, April 29, 2014\u00a0; Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0Judges Hear Arguments on Rules for Internet<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times, September 9, 2014\u00a0; Brian Fung, \u00ab\u00a0The Decades-Old Idea that Could Break the Net Neutrality<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Washington Post<\/em>, April 21, 2014\u00a0; Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0F.C.C. Seeks a New Path on \u2018Net Neutrality\u2019 Rules<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>February 19, 2014\u00a0; \u00a0Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0 F.C.C. Chairman Adds More Ambiguity to His Position on Network Neutrality<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>January 15, 2014\u00a0; Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0Rebuffing F.C.C in \u2018Net Neutrality\u2019 Case, Court Allows Streaming Deals<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>January 14\u00a0; Gautham Nagesh, Amol Sharma, \u00ab\u00a0Court Tosses Rules of Road for Internet<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Wall Street Journal, <\/em>January 14, 2014\u00a0; Jon Bordkin, \u00ab\u00a0Net Neutrality is Half-Dead\u00a0: Court Strikes Down FCC\u2019s Anti-Blocking Rules<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Ars Technica<\/em>, January 14\u00a0, 2014\u00a0; Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0Judges Hear Arguments on Rules for Internet<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, September 9, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the new proposition by the FCC (May, 2015)\u00a0: Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0A Tough Stretch for Tom Wheeler on Net Neutrality<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, May 10, 2014\u00a0; Jeff Sommer, \u00ab\u00a0Defending the Open Internet<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New<\/em> York<\/em> Times<\/em>, May 10, 2014\u00a0; David Carr, \u00ab\u00a0Warnings Along the FCC\u2019s Fast Lane<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New<\/em> York<\/em> Times<\/em>, May 11, 2014\u00a0; Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0F.C.C Backs Opening Net Neutrality Rules for Debate<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New<\/em> York<\/em> Times<\/em>, May 15, 2014\u00a0; and see the Editorial, \u00ab\u00a0Searching for Fairness on the Internet<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New<\/em> York<\/em> Times<\/em>, May 15, 2015. See also\u00a0: Farhad Manjoo, \u00ab\u00a0Did Regulators Break the Internet or Did They Save It\u00a0? Yes<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New<\/em> York<\/em> Times<\/em>, May 16, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0A point of view by the former Obama advisor: Susan Crawford, \u00ab\u00a0Back to the Digital Drawing Board<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>January 16, 2013\u00a0; see also\u00a0: Ev. Ehrlich, \u00ab\u00a0A Progressive Broadband Policy Agenda<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Progressive Policy Institute, 2013 (an interesting analysis from the Obama side)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Robert M. McDowell, \u00ab\u00a0Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Robert M. McDowell<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Paper, December, 2010. (McDowell was a US FCC Commissionner).<\/p>\n

\u2013 For the last development of the net neutrality debate see theses recent articles\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Rebecca R. Ruiz and Steve Lohr, \u00ab\u00a0F.C.C. Approves Net Neutrality Rules, Classifying Broadband Internet Service as a Utility<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Steve Lohr, \u00ab\u00a0In Net Neutrality Push, F.C.C. Is Expected to Propose Regulating Internet Service as a Utility\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Europe<\/h2>\n

European Regulations<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On data protection: David Jolly, \u00ab\u00a0European Union Takes Steps Toward Protecting Data<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 12, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Cloud\u00a0regulations: Danny Hakim, \u00ab\u00a0Europe Aims to Regulate the Cloud<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, October 6, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Yves Eudes, \u00ab\u00a0Tr\u00e8s ch\u00e8res donn\u00e9es personnelles<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Le Monde, <\/em>June 4, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Claire Cain Miller, \u00ab\u00a0Europeans Reach Deal With Google on Searches<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>April 14, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On roaming fees: Kevin J. O\u2019Brien, \u00ab\u00a0Official Pushes for End to Roaming Fees in Europe<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, May 30, 2013\u00a0; James Kanter and Mark Scott, \u00ab\u00a0European Panel Adopts \u201cNet Neutrality<\/a>\u201d and Mobile Roaming Rules\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 18, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On patent dispute: Danny Hakim, \u00ab\u00a0Tech Giants Fear Spread of Patent Wars in Europe<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, September 25, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On taxation and tax avoidance, see the report from the \u00ab\u00a0Commission Expert Group on Taxation of the Digital Economy\u00a0\u00bb, May 2014 (European Commission). See also the imaginative proposal by Pierre Colin & Nicolas Colin, Rapport sur la fiscalit\u00e9 du secteur num\u00e9rique<\/a><\/em>, Jan. 18, 2013, Report to the minister Arnaud Montebourg, France (this report imagine a taxation on datas\u00a0; see the report on the ministry web site).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Internet by countries<\/h2>\n

On the internet in Cuba<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Victoria Burnett, \u00ab\u00a0In Cuba\u2019s Press, Streets and Living Rooms, Glimmers of Openness to Criticism<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>December 7, 2013\u00a0; Girish Gupta, \u00ab\u00a0Cuba\u2019s Journey on the Internet\u00a0: There\u2019s a Long March Ahead<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Time, <\/em>August 14, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Pico Iyer, \u00ab\u00a0Cuban Evolution\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, Time<\/em>, July 8, 2013\u00a0; and \u00ab\u00a0Wired, at last – Cuba and the Internet<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, March 5th, 2011.<\/p>\n

– Yoani S\u00e1nchez, Cuba Libre<\/em> (spanish), translated in english\u00a0: Havana Real<\/em>, Melville House, 2011. (Similar to her blog, the book is a collection of sketches of daily life in Cuba\u00a0: a dreary, enervating route of food shortages, transportation troubles and narrowed opportunity). See also the review by\u00a0Larry Rohter, \u00ab\u00a0In Cuba, the Voice of a Blog Generation\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, July 5, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Cuba, human rights and freedom of expression, see\u00a0: Nik Steinberg and Daniel Wilkinson, \u00ab\u00a0The Heroes of Cuba<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Review of Books<\/em>, May 27, 2010 and the Human Rights Watch report on which this article is based.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On \u00ab\u00a0One Laptop per Child\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Nicholas Negroponte, co-founder of the MediaLab at MIT, is also the Chaiman of the NGO \u00ab\u00a0One Laptop per Child\u00a0\u00bb. He wrote several books on the subject\u00a0: Nicholas Negroponte & Joel H. Rosenthal, The $100 Laptop\u00a0: the Next two Billions People to Go Digital<\/em>, Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, 2005\u00a0; Nicholas Negroponte, Being Digital<\/em>, Knopf, 1995 (a book where Negroponte predicts the merging of the interactive world, the entertainment industry and the information sector).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Some information is available on the One Laptop per Child website\u00a0: one.laptop.org<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On internet in Soweto and South Africa <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 David Smith, \u00ab\u00a0Gamble that Outmanoeuvred South Africa and Spawned Silicon Savannah\u00a0\u00bb, The Guardian, <\/em>October 31, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mark Oppenheimer, David Ansara, \u00ab\u00a0Putting Books into their Hands<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Mail & Guardian, <\/em>August 24, 2012.
\nSilicon Valley <\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the internet in China<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 For an overview of the internet in China, a good introduction is the book The Power of the Internet in China\u00a0: Citizen Activism Online<\/em> by Guobin Yang, Colombia University Press, 2009\u00a0; see also Pierre Haski, Internet et la Chine<\/em>, Seuil, 2008.<\/p>\n

\u2013 For data about the internet in China, I mainly use official numbers given by the International Telecommunications Union in Geneva (ITU). Others numbers come from discussions with executives in Baidu, Sohu, Tencent, Alibaba, Youku etc. In China, more than anywhere else, one has to be cautious about official numbers. In general, professionnals and experts agree on the fact that between 500 and 600 million people are active internet users in China (out of 1.4 billion). This number (564 million at the end of 2012) comes from an industry group, the China Internet Network Information Center, and it is used by the New York Times<\/em>, The Economist<\/em> etc. The Boston Consulting Group uses the same number. Some analysts at MGI or Morgan Stanley are more skeptical\u00a0: they believe Chinese statistics to be exagerated. Among these 500-600 million internet users, 75 % would already be about accessing the internet via smartphone. More than 73 % of the population has a mobile phone (feature or smartphone).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Bruce Dover, Rupert Murdoch\u2019s China Adventures, How the World\u2019s Most Powerful Media Mogul Lost a Fortune and Found a Wife<\/em>, Tuttle Publishing, 2008 (see chapters on Murdoch\u2019s internet joint-venture in China).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Culture and Soft Power in China<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Eric Pfanner, Brian X. Chen, \u00ab\u00a0China Deal Gives Apple Big Market to Court<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>December 22, 2013<\/p>\n

\u2013 Hu Jintao\u2019s political report to the 18th National Congress set up \u00ab\u00a0soft power\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0socialist cultural power\u00a0\u00bb as goals for the party. For an official point of view on this matter, as developped among governement circles, see\u00a0: Guo Jianyu, ed., China\u2019s Cultural Power Strategy<\/em>, 2012. See also\u00a0: Zhang Xuecheng, \u00ab\u00a0Accelerating Our Pace in Building a Cultural Strong Nation\u00a0\u00bb, People\u2019s Daily\/Le Quotidien du Peuple<\/em>, November 26, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Edward Wong, \u00ab\u00a0China\u2019s President Lashes Out at Western Culture<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>January 3, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 S\u00e9verine Ars\u00e8ne, \u00ab\u00a0Chine\u00a0: Internet, levier de puissance nationale<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Politique Etrang\u00e8re, <\/em>2012, n\u00b02.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Changing Media, Changing China, <\/em>published by Susan L. Shirk, Oxford University Press, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Michael Keane, China\u2019s Creative Clusters\u00a0: Governance, Human Capital, and Investment<\/em>, Routledge, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Jianying Zha, \u00a0Tide Players\u00a0: The Movers and Shakers of a Rising China, <\/em>The New Press, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Carl Walter, Fraser Howie, Red Capitalism\u00a0: The Fragile Financial Foundation of China\u2019s Extraordinary Rise.<\/em>, Wiley, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ezra Vogel, Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, <\/em>Belknap Press, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Lucy Montgomery, \u00a0China\u2019s Creative Industries\u00a0: Copyright, Social Network Markets and the Business of Culture in a Digital Age, <\/em>Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Bill Emmott, Rivals\u00a0: How the Power Struggle Between China, India and Japan Will Shape Our Next Decade<\/em>, Harcourt, 2008.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Censorship and the \u00ab\u00a0Great Firewall\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0A Giant Cage\u00a0\u00bb, Special report on China and the Internet<\/a>, The Economist<\/em>, April 6, 2013<\/p>\n

\u2013 Xiao Qiang\u2019s blog, China Digital Times<\/em>, gives inside information about the work of censors within China (Xiao Qiang is a dissident exile at Berkeley, US). He even publishes regular transcriptions of propaganda directives under the heading \u00ab\u00a0Ministry of Truth\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

About Chinese Websites and internet Corporations<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On Alibaba\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0The World\u2019s Greatest Bazaar<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, March 23rd, 2013\u00a0; Neil Gough, \u00ab\u00a0Alibaba is said to move toward an IPO in the US\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, September 25, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Baidu\u00a0: I used the 2011 Annual Report<\/em>, paper version, p.110 and p.42 of appendices (this document has been given to me by a Baidu spokesperson in Beijing).<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Weibos and Microblogging<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Use of Microblogs Drops Sharply Amid Crackdown<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>January 17, 2014\u00a0; Chris Buckley, \u00ab\u00a0Crackdown on Bloggers Is Mounted by China<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>September 10, 2013\u00a0; Austin Ramzy, \u00ab\u00a0In China\u2019s Campaign Against Bloggers, a Burst of Rumor-Mongering\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>October 16, 2013\u00a0; Amy Qin, \u00ab\u00a0Better than a Tweet\u00a0? In Four Characters, a New World of Meaning<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>October 27, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Sohu.com, \u00ab\u00a0Corporate Presentation\u00a0\u00bb, Paper<\/em>, March, 2012 (document given to the author by Sohu executives).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Numbers of Weibo accounts\u00a0: Sina Weibo\u00a0: 300 million\u00a0; Renren Weibo\u00a0: 300 million\u00a0; Sohu Weibo\u00a0: between 60 and 80 million\u00a0; Tencent Weibo\u00a0: the Weibo application is part of instant messenger, QQ, which has more than 500 million. All these numbers were given to me by executives at Sina, Sohu and Tencent. They might be overestimated for 2 reasons\u00a0: first of all, numerous Chinese people have several Weibo accounts\u00a0; second of all, they might be propaganda of some sort. For example, Renren made a statement in 2011 saying it had grown by 7 million users in the first semester of 2011\u00a0; later, after a verification by US regulators, Renren had to recognize it had grown by only 5 million.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Chinese Subsidies to the internet Industry<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013 Usha Haley and George Haley, Subsidies to Chinese Industry<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 2013. See also an official audit by the US Congres (Government Accountability Office) on Huawei, 2013 and a study by the independent research firm Fathom China, 2013. These subsidies come through very complex infrastructures, at the national level, as well as the provincial government level.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Foreign Companies in China<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On Apple in China\u00a0: Charles Duhigg, Steven Greenhouse, \u00ab\u00a0Electronic Giant Vowing Reforms in China Plants\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>March 29, 2012\u00a0; Kevin Drew, \u00ab\u00a0Apple\u2019s Chief Visits iPhone Factory in China<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>March 29, 2012\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Apple Hits Back After New York Times Reports \u2018Significant Problems\u2019 With Manufacturers<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Fox Business, <\/em>January 27, 2012\u00a0; Charles Duhigg, David Barboza, \u00ab\u00a0In China, Human Costs Are Built Into an iPad\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>January 25, 2012.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

New Censorship in Xi Jinping\u2019s China<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 A key reportage on China and how relatives of top leaders have grown rich from ties to real estate magnate\u00a0: Michael Forsythe, \u00ab\u00a0At China\u2019s Nexus of Power and Cash<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Austin Ramzy, \u00ab\u00a0Xi Jinping calls for Artists to Spread Chinese Values<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times.<\/p>\n

\u2013 A profile of Lu Wei, Chinese Propaganda Chief\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Gregarious and direct\u00a0: China\u2019s web doorkeeper<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times.<\/p>\n

\u2013 How Xi Jinping, an unremarkable provincial administrator, became China\u2019s most authoritarian leader since Mao\u00a0: Evan Osnos, \u00ab\u00a0Born Red\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New Yorker, April 6, 2015.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Dan Levin, \u00ab\u00a0China Sounds Alarm on Ideas From West, with a big exception<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Andrew Jacobs, Chris Buckley, \u00ab\u00a0Papa Xi has China public in awe<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Emerging internet Markets<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0The World Turned Upside Down: A Special Report on Innovation in Emerging Markets<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, April 17th, 2010.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the BRICS<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0The BRICs, The Trillion-Dollar Club<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, April 17th, 2010.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mexico Telecoms<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Slim\u2019s Chances<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist, <\/em>March 1, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the Mexican Tycoon Carlos Slim (Telmex, Telcel) I recommend the profile by Lawrence Wright, \u00ab\u00a0Slim\u2019s Time<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, June 1, 2009.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Several profiles of Carlos Slim have been published in The Economist<\/em> as well (February, 4th, 2012, for example).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Internet Access, Mobile Phone Statistics, etc. in Brazil<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On Brazilian statistics, I use a remarkable private and confidential study realized by cetic.br and nic.br, \u00ab\u00a0Pesquisa TIC Domicilios 2011\u00a0\u00bb, 2012 (thanks to TVGlobo\u2019s Chairman who gave me a copy of the report).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the \u00ab\u00a0C Class\u00a0\u00bb and the New Middle Class (Brazil)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Francisco H.G. Ferreira, Julian Messina, & al, Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class<\/em>, The World Bank, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0The Expanding middle<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, November 10th, 2012.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Global Statistics on Mobile Penetration, Smartphones and the internet \u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 International Telecommunication Union, ICT, Facts and Figures, 2013<\/em>, Geneva, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Some important studies are available at the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee (cgi.br). See also\u00a0: cetic.br<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Internet Access, Mobile Phone Penetration etc. in Mexico<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Cofetel, the Mexican regulator (the Mexican FCC), has good numbers. See cofetel.gob.mx<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Middle Worth<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist, <\/em>October 12, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

India and Technologies<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Internet Statistics, Phone Users, Numbers in India<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Numbers are difficult to get in India and, according to the people I have interviewed at the Center for Internet & Society, in Bengalooru, statistics in terms of penetration, connection, broadband etc. are not reliable. Even mobile penetration is biased, given the high number of SIM cards (an individual may have several SIM cards so the actual numbers are between 10 and 25 % below the current SIM card numbers). Internet literacy is an even more difficult question. Some statistics are available, however, on the Center\u2019s web page (cis-india.org).<\/p>\n

\u2013 The World Bank\u2019s estimations are\u00a0: Mobile phone penetration is around 72 %\u00a0(roughly 900 million SIM Cards) ; Broad and (wired) is less than 1 %\u00a0; Internet access at home around 4.2 % (mostly by smartphone in 2.5G and 3G services)\u00a0; People with internet access (home, smartphone and feature phones, Internet caf\u00e9, Lan houses\u2026)\u00a0: around 10 %. (Datas\u00a0: 2011).<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the phone industry in India, see\u00a0: Robin Jeffrey and Assa Doron, The Great Indian Phone Book\u00a0: How Cheap Mobile Phones Change Business, Politics and Daily Life<\/em>, Hurst, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the internet in India, see Sean McLain, \u00ab\u00a0Doubts Grow Over India\u2019s Tech Ambitions<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, April, 15, 2013\u00a0; see also Ingrid Therwath, \u00ab\u00a0Internet en Inde\u00a0\u00bb, in Karyn Poup\u00e9e, et al<\/em>, Internet en Asie, Picquier, 2012 (a basic article).<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the phone industry in India, see \u00ab\u00a0The Screen Revolution<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, March, 16th, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Gardiner Harris, \u00ab\u00a0Websites in India Put a Bit of Choice Into Arranged Marriages<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Vindu Goel, \u00ab\u00a0India Replaces China as Next Big Frontier for U.S. Tech Companies<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Unique ID<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 A few books and studies have been written on the Unique ID project. I suggest to read the one by billionnaire Nandan Nilekani who was the project\u2019s founder\u00a0: Imagining India, Ideas for the New Century<\/em>, Penguin, 2009 (see especially the chapter \u00ab\u00a0ICT in India\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n

\u2013 See also, Lydia Polgreen, \u00ab\u00a0Scanning 2.4 Billion Eyes, India Tries to Connect Poor to Growth<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Septembre 1, 2001.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Statistics on Indian Exportations of Technologies<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Several reports are available at NASSCOM, the National Association of Software & Services Companies (and on its website: nasscom.in). Among many documents, see for example, on the next Indian ICT sector, the 2009 McKinsey report.<\/p>\n

\u2013 See, as well\u00a0: Kiran Karnik, The Coalition of Competitors: The Story of Nasscom and the IT Industry<\/em>, Harpers Collins India, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Smart cities<\/h2>\n

On Smart Cities<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Anthony M. Townsend, Smart Cities, Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest For a New Utopia<\/em>, Norton & Company, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Adam Greenfield & Nurri Kim, Against the Smart City, <\/em>Do Projects, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

On the Economic Model of \u00ab\u00a0Triple Helix\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 See Henry Etzkowitz, The Triple Helix<\/em>, Routlege, 2008 (he focuses in particular on the interactions between government, industry and university to create more innovation).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Technology Clusters<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 The International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation (IASP) has some information on smart cities and technology clusters. (See\u00a0: iasp.ws).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

On the internet in Russia<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 I mainly use resources and statistics from the web site East-West Digital News (ewdn.com).<\/p>\n

\u2013 In Russia, the 143 million inhabitants are considered mobile connected with a high 180 % SIM cards penetration (among the highest in the world). Broadband is about 13 % (fixed) and Internet access at home around 46 %. And while the country exports few ICT goods (roughly 8 %), 32 % of its exports are for ICT services. Russia overtook Germany in 2011 as the European market with the highest number of unique visitors online.<\/p>\n

\u2013 A key sector in Russia is the antivirus software branch. Kaspersky, for example, is a key player in this game. See\u00a0: Noah Shachtman, \u00ab\u00a0Russia\u2019s Top Cyber Sleuth Foils US Spies, Helps Kremlin Pals\u00a0\u00bb, Wired<\/em>, July 23, 2012.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Skolkovo<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Some articles have been written on Skolkovo. Among them, I suggest : Andrew Kramer, \u00ab\u00a0Innovation, by Order of the Kremlin<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>, April 10, 2010\u00a0; Sophia Kishkovsky, \u00ab Russia\u2019s Answer to Harvard Business School\u00a0: A Break with Tradition\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, October 3, 2010\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Can Russia create a new Silicon Valley\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, July 14th, 2012.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Freedom of the Press and Freedom on the internet in Russia<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Several articles on the dissident blogosphere : Clifford Levy, \u00ab\u00a0Putin\u2019s Iron Grip on Russia Suffocates Opponents<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, February, 24, 2008\u00a0; Julia Ioffe, \u00ab\u00a0Net Impact, One Man\u2019s Cyber-Crusade Against Russian Corruption\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, April 4, 2011 (on the blogger Alexey Navalny)\u00a0; and a remarkable article by David Remnick, \u00ab\u00a0The Civil Archipelago, How Far Can the Resistance to Vladimir Putin Go\u00a0?\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, December, 19, 2011. See also\u00a0: Julien Nocetti, \u00ab\u00a0Russie\u00a0: le Web r\u00e9invente-t-il la politique\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/em>, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Pierre Haski, \u00ab\u00a0The Red Web\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Snowden est-il de nouveau manipul\u00e9\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Rue 89<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, The Red Web: The Struggle Between Russia’s Digital Dictators and the New Online Revolutionaries<\/em>, Public Affairs 2015<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Konza City and Kenya Phone Penetration<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0The\u00a0Next Frontier<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist, <\/em>February 16, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 David Smith, Toby Shapshak, \u00ab\u00a0 Digital Africa Lights Up with Money, Maps and Markets<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Guardian, <\/em>October 31, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Kenya, I use statistics from the Safaricom mobile phone operator. There are fewer than 600,000. On mobile, 30 million SIM cards are registered (for 42 millions inhabitants). 99 % of SIM cards and lines are prepaid. Among mobile phones, smartphones represent at best, 5-10 %.<\/p>\n

\u2013 The World Bank & International Telecommunication Union evaluate the mobile penetration in Kenya at around 68 % of the population. Internet acces is around 0.1 % (but smartphones are coming, says ITU).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Israel \u00ab\u00a0Start-Up Nation\u00a0\u00bb <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Marie de Verg\u00e8s, \u00ab\u00a0Tsahal, l\u2019\u00e9cole de la Start-up<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Le Monde, <\/em>February 11, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Dan Senor and Saul Singer, Start-Up Nation, The Story of Israel\u2019s Economic Miracle<\/em>, Twelve, 2009.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Danna Harman, \u00ab\u00a0The Technion\u00a0: Israel\u2019s Hard Drive<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, 12 avril 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Shlomo Maital, \u00ab\u00a0Needed\u00a0: Goliaths instead of Davids<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Jerusalem Report<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

On Submarine Fiber Optic Cable<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Andrew Blum, Tubes, A Journey to the Center of the Internet<\/em>, Ecco, 2012.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Slums and Ghettos in Kenya<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Improving the Lives of Slum Dwellers Through Unnovative uses of ICT<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, ITU News, <\/em>October 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Povertymatters Blog, \u00ab\u00a0E-Readers Kindle Enthusiasm for Learning Among Children in Kenya<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Guardian, <\/em>2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On MPesa service : Alex Perry, \u00ab\u00a0Silicon Savanna\u00a0: Mobile Phones Transform Africa\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, Time<\/em>, June 30, 2011\u00a0;<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Digital Inclusion, Revitalization through ICT in Brazil<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On IBM\u2019s smart city project for Rio de Janeiro and its favelas\u00a0: Natasha Singer, \u00ab\u00a0Mission Control, Built for Cities\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 3, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On digital inclusion, I recommend the methodology and conclusions of the CDI in Brazil (cdi.org.br). Rodrigo Bajo, from CDI, knows this sector well and produced valuable studies.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Accurate studies and numbers and also available at the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee (cgi.br). See also\u00a0: cetic.br<\/p>\n

On Access to the internet in the Favelas<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Improving the Lives of Slum Dwellers through Innovative Uses of ICT<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, ITU News, <\/em>2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Brazil\u2019s favelas\u00a0: Mira Olson, \u00ab\u00a0Viva Favela\u2019s Internet Media Evolution\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, riotimesonline.com, <\/em>June 8, 2010\u00a0; Michael Kerlin, \u00ab\u00a0Rio\u2019s Culturally Connected Favelas<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, riotimesonline.com, <\/em>October 4, 2011\u00a0; Marina Lemle, \u00ab\u00a0Online in the Slums\u00a0: Internet Cafes Face Challenges in Brazil\u00a0\u00bb, txchnologist.com, <\/em>February 22, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 I use a (confidential) TV Globo study on internet access in Brazil\u00a0: 96 % of upper class and 76 % of upper middle class families have access to the internet at home\u00a0; but only 35 % of the middle class and 5 % of the lower class. In Brazil, 34 % of users still access the internet through cybercafes, LAN houses or social centers. As would be expected,fewer favela inhabitants access the internet at home and more access through \u00a0cybercafes or LAN houses. (TV Globo, 2012).<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Narco-trafficking<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Many books have been written. I mainly used on this topic\u00a0: Ed Vulliamy, Amexica, War Along the Borderline<\/em>, Picador, 2011. And also\u00a0: Ioan Grillo, El Narco\u00a0: Inside Mexico\u2019s Criminal Insurgency<\/em>, Bloomsbury, 2012.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On How the internet is Used Against or by Narcos<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Damien Cave, \u00ab\u00a0Mexico Turns to Social Media for Information and Survival<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, September 24, 2011.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Islam and the internet<\/h2>\n

On the internet in the Muslim World<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Dale Eickelman, Jon Anderson, dir., New Media in the Muslim World, The Emerging Public Sphere<\/em>, Indiana University Press, 2003.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Other readings\u00a0: Olivier Roy, L\u2019Islam mondialis\u00e9<\/em>, Seuil, 2002.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Internet in Gaza
\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On Gaza, I use to some extent a report that I wrote for Slate.fr: \u00ab\u00a0La vie \u201cnormale\u201d \u00e0 Gaza<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, July, 2013.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Media and the Arab World<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Riz Khan, Al Waleed, Businessman Billionnaire Prince<\/em>, ed. William Morrow, 2005 (Official biography of Prince Al Waleed).<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0On Al Jazeera and the internet\u00a0: Th\u00e9o Corbucci, \u00ab\u00a0De Doha \u00e0 Sarajevo\u00a0: quelle strat\u00e9gie pour Al Jazeera\u00a0?\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, La nouvelle revue g\u00e9opolitique, <\/em>pp. 35-39, automne 2013, n\u00b0123.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Hezbollah<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 I found this book to be edifying\u00a0: Thanassis Cambanis, A Privilege to Die, Inside Hezbollah\u2019s Legions and their Endless War Against Israel<\/em>, Free Press, 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 See also\u00a0: Neil MacFarquhar, The Media Relations Department of Hizbollah Wishes you a Happy Birhday : Unexpected Encounters in the Changing Middle East<\/em>, 2009, 387 p\u00a0; Hizbollah: Rebel Without a Cause?<\/em> by the International Crisis Group, a briefing paper, July 30, 2003\u00a0; Amal Saad-Ghorayeb, Hizbu\u2019llah: Politics and Religion<\/a><\/em>, Pluto, 254 pp.\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Should Hezbollah Be Next ?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb by Daniel Byman, Foreign Affairs<\/em>, November\/December 2003<\/p>\n

\u2013 Anne Barnard,\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0Hezbollah Appears to Acknowledge a Spy at the Top<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Iran and the Internet<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Annabelle Sreberny and Gholam Khiabany, Blogistan, The Internet and Politics in Iran<\/em>, I.B. Tauris, 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Cyrus Farivar, The Internet of Elsewhere, The Emergent Effects of a Wired World<\/em>, Rutgers University press, 2011 (This book, studies the internet in Estonia, Iran, Senegal and South Korea).<\/p>\n

\u2013 James Harkin, \u00ab\u00a0Cyber-Con\u00a0\u00bb, \u00a0London Review of Books, <\/em>December 11, 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the situation of bloggers in Iran, see\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Situation on Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran\u00a0\u00bb, an Official Report of the Secretary General, United Nations\/General Assembly (see section 30, p. 11).<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Iran, a few paragraphs of this sub-chapter have been published before in F. Martel, Global Gay, Comment la R\u00e9volution gay change le monde<\/em>, Flammarion, 2013 (see chapter\u00a08, \u00ab\u00a0En Iran, nous n\u2019avons pas d\u2019homosexuels\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Thomas Erdbrink, \u00ab\u00a0Tehran Unfetters Cellphones, and the Pictures Start Flowing<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Setareh Derakhshesh, \u00ab\u00a0Breaking the Law to Go Online in Iran<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

On the Online Ummah<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 See \u00ab\u00a0The Online Ummah, Islam and Technology\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, August 18th, 2012.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Al Azhar University<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Karl Vick & Ashraf Khalil, \u00ab\u00a0Faith and the Campus<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Time<\/em>, June 10, 2013.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Muslim Brotherhood and Egypt \u00ab\u00a0Revolution\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Kareem Fahim, \u00ab\u00a0The Muslim Brotherhood, Back in a Fight to Survive\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>January 5, 2014\u00a0; Robert F. Worth, \u00ab\u00a0A Familiar Role for Muslim Brotherhood\u00a0: Opposition\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>July 28, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Peter Hessler, \u00ab\u00a0Big Brothers – Where is the Muslim Brotherhood leading Egypt\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, January 14, 2013 (a prophetic article)\u00a0; and, less interesting\u00a0: Yasmine El Rashidi, \u00ab\u00a0Egypt\u00a0: The Rule of the Brotherhood\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Review of Books<\/em>, February 7, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mike Giglio, \u00ab\u00a0The Facebook Freedom Fighter\u00a0\u00bb, Newsweek, <\/em>February 21, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 David Kirkpatrick & David Sanger, \u00ab\u00a0A Tunisian-Egyptian Link That Shook Arab History\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, February 14, 2011.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On the internet in Algeria<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 See the special issue of El Watan\u00a0<\/em>: \u00ab\u00a0Internet sous surveillance\u00a0\u00bb, May 21, 2010 (special report).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Debate About the Democratization through internet<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Michael Gladwell, \u00ab\u00a0Small Change, Why the Revolution will Not Be Tweeted\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, Oct 4, 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 For a different point of view, see one of the bible of the social media movement\u00a0: Clay Shirky, Here Comes Everybody, The Power of organizing without organizations<\/em>, Penguin Press, 2008<\/p>\n

\u2013 Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0Obama\u2019s Net Neutrality Bid Divides Civil Rights Groups<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0F.C.C Considering Hybrid Regulatory Approach to Net Neutrality<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0Obama and Scalia, United on Broadbands as a Utility<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0Obama Asks F.C.C to Adopt Tough Net Neutrality Rules<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 The Editorial Board, \u00ab\u00a0President Obama\u00a0: No Internet Fast Lanes<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Comcast \u2013 Time Warner Cable Merger<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 David Carr, \u00ab\u00a0Stealthily, Comcast Fortifies Its Arsenal<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>February 16, 2014\u00a0; Farhad Manjoo, \u00ab\u00a0Comcast vs. the Cord Cutters<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>February 15, 2014\u00a0; The Editorial Board, \u00ab\u00a0If a Cable Giant Becomes Bigger<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>February 13, 2014\u00a0; Michael J. De La Merced, Bill Carter, \u00ab\u00a0For Comcast, Daring Deals to Expand Its Reach Across Industries<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>February 13, 2014.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On US Tax Avoidance by the (So-Called) GAFA<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Nelson D. Schwartz and Charles Duhigg, \u00ab\u00a0Apple\u2019s Web of Tax Shelters Saved It Billions, Panel Finds<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, May 20, 2013.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On State Sales Taxes and Tax Case from Online Merchants<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Adam Liptak, \u00ab\u00a0Justices Pass on Tax Case From Online Merchant<\/a>s\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, December 2, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Gregory Ferenstein, \u00ab\u00a0U.S. Senate approves Proposed Internet Sales Tax<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, TechCrunch<\/em>, March, 23, 2013\u00a0; See also the editorial\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0A Season for Sales Taxes<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, December 9, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Robert Barnes, “Supreme Court declines case on making online retailers collect sales taxes<\/a>“, The Washington Post<\/em>, December 2, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Marcus Wohlsen, \u00ab\u00a0Despite Sales Tax Slap, Amazon Could Still Crush Brick-And-Mortar<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Wired<\/em>, Jan. 18, 2013.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Immigration Law, \u00ab\u00a0High-Skilled Visas\u00a0\u00bb (and \u00ab\u00a0Start-Up Visas\u00a0\u00bb)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 A large debate exists in the U.S. on how to encourage foreign \u00ab\u00a0high-skilled\u00a0\u00bb engineers, students and entrepreneurs to enter and stay in the U.S. (H-1 B visas and proposal for a new specific visa). See\u00a0: Somini Sengupta, \u00ab\u00a0Silicon Valley and Immigrant Groups Find Common Case<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, February 12, 2013\u00a0; Somini Sengupta & Eric Lipton, \u00ab\u00a0Silicon Valley Group\u2019s Political Effort Cases Uproar<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, May 8, 2013\u00a0; Somini Sengupta, \u00ab\u00a0Countries Seek Entrepreneurs From Silicon Valley<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, June 5, 2013\u00a0; Somini Sengupta, \u00ab\u00a0A Bill Allowing More Foreign Workers Stirs a Tech Debate<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, June 27, 2013\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0The Jobs Machine: Immigration and America\u2019s High-Tech Industry<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, April 13th 2013\u00a0; and George Packer, \u00ab\u00a0Change the World: Silicon Valley Transfers its Slogans and its Money to the Realm of Politics<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, May, 27, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 For an overview\u00a0of the same issue : Ian Goldin, Geoffrey Cameron and Meera Balarajan, Exceptional People\u00a0: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future., <\/em>Princeton University Press\u00a0; Vivek Wadhwa, The Immigrant Exodus: Why America is Losing the Global Race to Capture Entrepreneurial Talent, <\/em>Wharton Digital Press, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Vindu Goel, \u00ab\u00a0Workers in Silicon Valley Weigh In on Obama\u2019s Immigration Action<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Antitrust Think Tanks, Watchdogs and Advocacy Groups<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 The Center for Public Integrity follow media groups and their potential conflict of interests: publicintegrity.org<\/p>\n

\u2013 The Center for Digital Democracy is a watchdog group on media and concentration: democraticmedia.org<\/p>\n

\u2013 Media Access Project\u00a0is based on antitrusts in media: mediaaccesss.org<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Antitrust Lawyers and Gary Reback <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Gary L. Reback, Free the Market\u00a0! Why Only Government Can Keep the Marketplace Competitive<\/em>, Portfolio, 2009.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Steve Lohr, \u00ab\u00a0Onetime Allies in Antitrust Part Ways Over Google<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, December 16, 2012 (about Gary Reback and Susan A. Creighton). See also\u00a0: James Temple, \u00ab\u00a0Antitrust Bulldog Gary Reback Pushes Google Probe<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, San Francisco Chronicle<\/em>, January 24, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 For another point of view see articles on pro-business lawyers: Nick Wingfield & Claire Cain Miller, \u00ab\u00a0A Political Brawler, Now Battling for Microsoft<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, December 15, 2012.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Pro-GAFA Lobbies<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Several key articles have been written on how Google, Amazon etc. are lobbying Washington. See for example\u00a0: Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0Google\u2019s Washington Insider\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, June 2, 2013\u00a0; Somini Sengupta, \u00ab\u00a0Tech Giants Brace for more Scrutiny from Regulators<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, January 1, 2013.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Balkanization of the internet and internet Freedom<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Rebecca MacKinnon, Consent of the Networked, The Worldwide Struggle for internet Freedom<\/em>, Basic Books, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Free to Choose<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist, <\/em>October 6, 2012.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Edward Snowden & Whistle-Blowers<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 About Edward Snowden: See the New York Times<\/em>\u2019 editorial\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Edward Snowden, Whistle-Blower<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, January 1, 2014\u00a0; Glenn Greenwald, No Place to Hide, Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the US Surveillance State, <\/em>Metropolitan Books, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Among thousands of articles about the NSA scandal, I have used: Adam Liptak, Michael S. Schmidt, \u00ab\u00a0Judge Upholds N.S.A.\u2019s Bulk Collection of Data on Calls<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>December 27, 2013\u00a0; Charlie Savage, \u00ab\u00a0Judge Questions Legality of N.S.A. Phone Records\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>December 16, 2013\u00a0;\u00a0Nicole Perlroth, Vindu Goel, \u00ab\u00a0Internet Firms Step Up Efforts to Stop Spying<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>December 5, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Hackers: Misha Glenny, DarkMarket\u00a0: Cyberthieves, Cybercops and You,<\/em> Knopf, 2011\u00a0; Kevin Mitnick, with William L. Simon, Ghost in the Wires\u00a0: My Adventures as the World\u2019s Most Wanted Hacker, <\/em>Back Bay Books, 2012 ; Parmy Olson, We Are Anonymous\u00a0: Inside the Hacker World of LulzSec, Anonymous, and the Global Cyber Insurgency,<\/em> Back Bay Books, 2013 ; Sue Halpern, \u00ab\u00a0Are Hackers Heroes\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Review of Books, <\/em>September 27, 2012\u00a0; Evgeny Morozov, \u00ab\u00a0And the Firewalls Came Tumbling Down<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>October 12, 2012.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

International internet Regulations<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

(United Nations, Europe)<\/em><\/p>\n

On ICANN and International Union Telecommunications<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Overview of the debate\u00a0: Bertrand de La Chapelle, \u00ab\u00a0Gouvernance Internet\u00a0: tensions actuelles et futurs possibles\u00a0\u00bb, Politique \u00c9trang\u00e8re<\/em>, Fevrier 2012\u00a0; Eric Pfanner, \u00ab\u00a0Regulating the Internet in a Multifaceted World\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, June 26, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On ICANN\u00a0: Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0U.S. to Cede Its Oversight of Addresses on Internet<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 14, 2014\u00a0; New York Times<\/em>\u2019 editorial\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Updating Internet Governance<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 18, 2014\u00a0;<\/p>\n

\u2013 On IUT: Eric Pfanner, \u00ab\u00a0U.S. Rejects Telecommunications Treaty<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, December 13, 2012.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the International Debate on internet Regulations <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Eric Sadin, L\u2019humanit\u00e9 augment\u00e9e\u00a0: L\u2019administration num\u00e9rique du monde, <\/em>Editions L\u2019\u00e9chapp\u00e9e, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Rebecca MacKinnon, Consent of the Networked, The Worldwide Struggle for internet Freedom, <\/em>Basic Books, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Michael Joseph Gross, \u00ab\u00a0World War 3.0<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Vanity Fair<\/em>, May 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Jovan Kurbalija, An Introduction to Internet Governance<\/em>, Publisher\u00a0: DiploFoundation, 5th edition, 2012.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Smart Curation<\/em><\/h2>\n

(Culture, Art, Criticism Media & the internets)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

On Digital Arts and Arts in the age of Internet<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The bibliography on arts and the internets is pretty large. I mention here the books I have used or read.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Gilles Deleuze, Mille Plateaux<\/em>, Editions de Minuit, 1980 (trans. in english by University of Minnesota Press, in 1987 under the title\u00a0: One Thousand Plateaus<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Christiane Paul, L\u2019Art num\u00e9rique<\/em>, Thames & Hudson, 2008.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nicolas Bourriaud, Esth\u00e9tique relationnelle<\/em>, Les Presses du R\u00e9el, 1998 (an interesting essay on contemporary and visiual arts, less acute on digital arts).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Joline Blais & Jon Ippolito, At the edge of art<\/em>, Thames & Hudson.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Richard Colson, The Fundamentals of Digital Art<\/em>, Ava, 2007.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Bruce Wands, L\u2019Art \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re num\u00e9rique, <\/em>Thames & Hudson, 2007.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Edmond Couchot, Norbert Hillaire, L\u2019Art num\u00e9rique<\/em>, Champs-Flammarion, 2009.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Florent Aziosmanoff, Living Art, L\u2019Art num\u00e9rique<\/em>, CNRS Editions, 2010.
\n\u2013 Casey Newton, “How one of the best films at Sundance was shot using an iPhone 5S<\/a>“, The Verge<\/em>, 02\/28\/16<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nick Paumgarten, \u00ab\u00a0We Are a Camera<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Non-Profit Art and Cultural Sector in the US<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On the 501c3 non-profit sector, especially in the arts and culture, I use my previous book\u00a0: De la Culture en Am\u00e9rique<\/em>, Gallimard, 2006. And also my PhD\u00a0dissertation: F. Martel, Politique publique, philanthropie priv\u00e9e et int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral dans le syst\u00e8me culturel am\u00e9ricain<\/em> (PhD directed by Pierre Rosanvallon\u00a0; 6 vol., 3 888 p., EHESS, 2006\u00a0; it contains a 140 page bibliography, 434 original documents from the US National Archives\u00a0; PhD dissertation available at the EHESS library, Paris, and at the Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale de France, Paris).<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the adaptation of the non-profit art sector to the internet, see\u00a0: Jane L. Levere, \u00ab\u00a0If you can\u2019t make it to the lecture<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 19, 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Virtual Orchestras ou Museums<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On virtual museums, see\u00a0: Anand Giridharadas, \u00ab\u00a0Museums See Different Virtues in Virtual Worlds\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Aug. 7, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Moocs\u2019 arts class, see\u00a0: Robin Pogrebin, \u00ab\u00a0Not Digital Art, but Art Learned Digitally<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 19, 2015.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ken Johnson, \u00ab\u00a0No Detail Goes Unnoticed When Art Is a Click Away<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>
\n\u2013 Jane L. Levere, \u00ab\u00a0If You Can\u2019t Make It to the Lecture<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Steve Lohr, \u00ab\u00a0Museums Morph Digitally<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Anand Giridharadas, \u00ab\u00a0Museums See Different Virtues in Vitural Worlds<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Copyright Debate<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Lawrence Lessig, The Future of Ideas: the Fate of the Commons in a Connected World<\/em>, Random House, 2001.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Free Culture: How Big Medias Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity,<\/em> Penguin Press, 2004.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy<\/em>, Penguin Press, 2008.<\/p>\n

\u2014 \u00ab\u00a0Off the Grid, The Superstar Law Professor is Marching across New Hampshire to Save Democracy. Are You with Him\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, interview by Simon Van Zuylen-Wood, The New Republic<\/em>, Feb 5, 2014.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Acceleration and Serendipity<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Hartmut Rosa, Acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration, Un critique sociale du temps<\/em>, La D\u00e9couverte, 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 The term \u00ab\u00a0serendipity\/s\u00e9rendipit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb has a French background: it is used in Voltaire\u2019s Zadig<\/em>, in the third chapter. Before, it was used in the Persian novel The Three Princes of Serendip<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Mainstream Culture and the internet<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Alice E. Marwick, Status Update, Celebrity, Publicity, and Branding in the Social Media Age<\/em>, Yale University Press, November 1, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Chris Anderson, Free, The Future of a Radical Price<\/em>, Hyperion, 2009.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Music Industry<\/strong><\/h3>\n

An expanded bibliography on the music industry and its future is available on www.fredericmartel.com, related to my previous book Mainstream. Hundreds of books and articles\u2019 references are available for free on a PDF document. Among the more recent books to mention, I would like to mention\u00a0: <\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 John Seabrook, \u00ab\u00a0The Song Machine, Inside the Hit Factory, Norton & Company, 2015 (a pretty much pessimistic book).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Steven Johnson, \u00ab\u00a0The Creative Apocalypse That Wasn\u2019t\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Aug. 19, 2015 (a totally opposite point of view to Seabrook\u00a0: Steven Johnson says that in the digital economy, it was supposed to be impossible to make money by making art\u00a0; instead, creative careers
\nare thriving but in complicated and unexpected ways.)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

On Music and Film Piracy Statistics<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 For music, see: \u00ab\u00a0The Media Piracy Report\u00a0\u00bb from The American Assembly at Colombia University, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 For movies, see the MPAA\u2019s website<\/a>\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u2013 The Department of Commerce, Internet Policy Task Force, Copyright Policy, Creativity, and Innovation in the Digital Economy, July 2013, 122 p. An official document<\/a> on piracy infringement by the Federal government\u00a0:<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Radio and the Future of Radio<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Gabriel Rossman, Climbing the Charts, What Radio Airplay Tells us About the Diffusion of Innovation<\/em>, Princeton University Press, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Alec Foege, Right of the Dial, The Rise of Clear Channel and the Fall of Commercial Radio<\/em>, Faber & Faber, 2008.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Sarah Larson, \u00ab\u00a0\u201cInvisibilia\u201d\u00a0and the evolving art of radio<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, Jan. 21, 2015 (This article analyses the future of podcast, and discusses \u00ab\u00a0American Life\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0RadioLab\u00a0\u00bb history and podcast\u2019s series \u00ab\u00a0Invisibilia\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Serial\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Radio\u2019s Regulation: \u00ab\u00a0FCC Chief Backs XM-Sirius Deal\u00a0\u00bb, Associated Press, June 16, 2008.<\/p>\n

\u2013 You can also see my article in french : “Voici les treize mutations qui sont en train de r\u00e9volutionner la radio<\/a>” 29 jan. 2016<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Amazon<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Brad Stone, The Everything Store, Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon<\/em>, Little, Brown and Company, 2013 (a quasi-authorized biography of Jeff Bezos\u00a0; there is also information about Netflix and Dropbox, as well as the CIA and the NSA, using the Amazon Web Services cloud).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Michiko Kakutani, \u00ab\u00a0Selling as Hard as He can<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>, October 28, 2013\u00a0; Duff McDonald, \u00ab\u00a0One-Click Wonder\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>, November 1, 2013 (about the book by Brad Stone).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mike Hale, \u00ab\u00a0Techies Striving for the Next Big Thing<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>November 20, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 David Care, \u00ab\u00a0With \u2018Alpha House\u2019 Amazon Makes Bid for Living Room Screens and Beyond<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>November 4, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Illimited subscriptions for books, see\u00a0: Molly Wood, \u00ab\u00a0Aiming to Be the Netflix of Books<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Aug 6, 2014.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Netflix<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Here is the key article about Netflix\u00a0: Ken Auletta, \u00ab\u00a0Outside the Box<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker, <\/em>February 3, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Lorne Manly, \u00ab\u00a0Jenji Kohan, Creator of <\/a>Orange is the New Black<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>December 26, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Tim Wu, \u00ab\u00a0Niche is the New Mass<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Republic, <\/em>December 9, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Michael Cieply, \u00ab\u00a0The Weinstein Company, Seeking Hits, Shifts to TV<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>November 24, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Net Flicks<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist,\u00a0 <\/em>February 2, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On release windows\u00a0: Netflix is, basically, a \u00ab\u00a0re-run TV\u00a0\u00bb service. Mainstream Hollywood movies are, in general, released in theaters first for an exclusive \u00ab\u00a0window\u00a0\u00bb of approximatively 90 days (between 3 and 4 months in general). Then, depending on studios and films, they are released as DVD and \u00ab\u00a0on demand\u00a0\u00bb VOD (VOD with payment by film, not by subscription). They\u00a0 later arrive on \u00ab\u00a0Pay TV\u00a0\u00bb and SVOD (subscription VOD such as Netflix) approximatively 120 days to 3 years after the theater release window (between 4 and 12 months – and sometimes until 36 months). All these release window arrangements are decided for each movie by the studios themselves (and not by law, as in France). Delays may change from one film to another. Netflix has made a push in the last couple of years for \u00ab\u00a0shrinking windows\u00a0\u00bb, and expects to release films 45 days after theater release, but studios and theaters owners don\u2019t agree. We are seeing a \u00ab\u00a0collapsing release window\u00a0model \u00bb and an accelerating release from studios to SVOD.<\/p>\n

For example, if we follow some new films on Netflix, as in March 2014, here<\/a>, we are able to see different paterns\u00a0for their release windows on Netflix\u00a0: 46 weeks or 11.5 months (for the movie Mud<\/em>), 41 weeks or 10 months (The Prey<\/em>), 32 weeks or 8 months (Paranoia<\/em>), 20 weeks or 5 months (Big Sur<\/em>), 17 weeks or 4.5 months (Contracted<\/em>). There are films that were released on Netflix before that, but they are generally either indie films or \u00ab\u00a0crap\u00a0\u00bb. On the other hand, in March 2014, Netflix released Gattaca,<\/em> a film that came out 17 years ago! On average, Netflix releases MPAA movies 10-14 months after theater release and up to 36 months for Hollywood blockbusters.<\/p>\n

For sure, Netflix is pushing the boundaries to get better \u00ab\u00a0release windows\u00a0\u00bb (see Variety<\/a><\/em>\u00a0: \u00a0; and see the point of view of Reed Hastings, Netflix\u2019s CEO: \u00ab\u00a0Internet Tolls And The Case For Strong Net Neutrality<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Netflix blog, March 20, 2014).<\/p>\n

\u2013 See also this book\u00a0: Gina Keating, Netflixed\u00a0: The Epic battle for America\u2019s Eyeballs<\/em>, Portfolio Trade, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Brian Stelter, \u00ab\u00a0Hulu, Billed as Tomorrow\u2019s TV, Looks Boxed In<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>July 23, 2011.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Youtube<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Claire Cain Miller, \u00ab\u00a0Youtube to Serve Niche Tastes by Adding Channels<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>October 7, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 John Seabrook, \u00ab\u00a0Streaming Dreams, Youtube Turns Pro<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker, <\/em>January 16, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Lucie Robequain, David Barroux, \u00ab\u00a0Les nouveaux millionnaires de Youtube<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Les Echos, <\/em>September, 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Laura M. Holson, \u00ab\u00a0Hollywood Asks Youtube\u00a0: Friend or Foe\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>January 15, 2007. (This article from 2007 already shows the coming Hollywood-Youtube battle)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Belinda Luscombe, \u00ab\u00a0Youtube\u2019s view master<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Time<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Jonathan Mahler, \u00ab\u00a0YouTube\u2019s Chief, Hitting a New play button<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Business Models in the Music Industry<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 A key article on the music industry and the digital economy and why creative careers are thriving thanks to the Internet\u00a0: Steven Johnson, \u00ab\u00a0The creative apocalypse that wasn\u2019t\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times.<\/p>\n

\u2013 For general statistics on music sales, I use information from the websites DigitalMusicNews and Billboard<\/em>, and from studies by Nielsen SoundScan GfK.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Music sales and internet revolution see\u00a0: Eric Pfanner, \u00ab\u00a0Music Industry Sales Rise, and Digital Revenue Gets the Credit<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, February 26, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 An interesting article on Justin Bieber\u2019s internet strategy\u00a0: Lizzie Widdicombe, \u00ab\u00a0Teen Titan, The Man Who Made Justin Bieber<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, September 3, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ben Sisario, \u00ab\u00a0Court Gives a Victory to Pandora Over Licensing Streaming Music<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, September 18, 2013.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Spotify<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 An interesting article about Spotify\u2019s Discover Weekly Playlists\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0The magic that makes Spotify\u2019s Discover Weekly playlists so damn good\u00a0\u00bb in Quartz<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Farhad Manjoo, \u00ab\u00a0Spotify Sees a Future Where Music Genres Don\u2019t Really Matter<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times.<\/p>\n

\u2013 The case about Taylor Swift\u00a0: Ben Sisario, \u00ab\u00a0Sales of Taylor Swift\u2019s 1989 Intensify Streaming Debate\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times.<\/p>\n

\u2013 YouTube introduces YouTube Music Key against Spotify\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0YouTune Music Key Is Introduced as New Rival in Streaming<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, by Ben Sisario, in the New York Times.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

SoundCloud<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Ben Sisario, \u00ab\u00a0Popular and Free, SoundCloud is Now Ready for Ads<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ben Sisario, \u00ab\u00a0SoundCloud Starts Subscription Plan, Taking On Spotify and Apple<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On \u00ab\u00a0Smart Curation\u00a0\u00bb, <\/strong>Conversations<\/strong>, Recommendations and Algorithms<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Steven Rosenbaum, Curation Nation, Why the Future of Content is Context<\/em>, McGraw Hill, 2011. (An interesting book on \u00ab\u00a0curation\u00a0\u00bb and how it could save the web).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Henry Jenkins, Joshua Green & Sam Ford, Spreadable Media, Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture<\/em>, New York University Press, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Molly Wood, \u00ab\u00a0Making Adjustments in the Search for the Perfect News Feed<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Sept 24, 2014 (M. Wood discusses the Facebook & Twitter algorithms).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Michael Erard, \u00ab\u00a0The Art of the Amateur Online Review<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On specifics recommendations <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On Amazon\u2019s recommendation system, see\u00a0: George Packer, \u00ab\u00a0Cheap Words. Amazon is good for customers. But is it good for books\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, Feb 17, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Facebook & Facebook recommendations system, see\u00a0: Tom Standage, Writing on the Wall, Social Media. The First 2,000 Years<\/em>, Bloomsbury, 2013\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0The Value of Friendship<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The<\/em> Economist<\/em>, February 4th, 2012\u00a0; David Kushner, \u00ab\u00a0Facebook Philosophy: Move Fast and Break Things. Hacker Culture Is Alive and Well at Facebook<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Spectrum\/IEEE\u00a0<\/em>; Miguel Helft and matt Richtel, \u00ab\u00a0Facebook Prepares to Add Friends in Washington<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 28, 2011. Sur les r\u00e9gulations et Facebook, voir : Somini Sengupta, \u00ab\u00a0FTC Settles Privacy Issue at Facebook<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times, <\/em>November 29, 2011\u00a0; Vindu Goel and Edward Wyatt, \u00ab\u00a0Facebook Privacy Change is Subject of FTC Inquiry<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, September 11, 2013. (See also, Molly Wood, \u00ab\u00a0Making Adjustments in the Search for the Perfect News Feed<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, art. cit.<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Twitter\u2019s recommendation, see : Nick Bilton, Hatching Twitter, A True Story of Money, Power, Friendship and Betrayal<\/em>, Portfolio\/Penguin, 2013\u00a0; Steven Levy, \u00ab\u00a0The Many Sides of Jack Dorsey<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Wired<\/em>, July 2012. Et sur Vine, li\u00e9 \u00e0 Twitter, voir\u00a0: Mat Honan, \u00ab\u00a0Loopers\u00a0: The Founders of Vine talk about their 6-Second Sensation<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Wired<\/em>, July 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Tumblr\u2019s recommendation, see: Leslie Kaufman, \u00ab\u00a0Tumblr to End Storyboard and Dismiss 3 Employees<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, April 10, 2013\u00a0; Rob Walker, \u00ab\u00a0Can Tumblr\u2019s David Karp Embrace Ads Without Selling Out\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, July 16, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On TV\u2019s recommendation: Mike Proulx and Stacey Shepatin, Social TV, How Marketers Can Reach and Engage Audiences by Connecting Television to the Web, Social Media, and Mobile<\/em>, publisher: John Wiley & Sons, 2012\u00a0; Brian X. Chen, Nick Wingfield, \u00ab\u00a0\u2018Smart TVs\u2019 Are Next Bet for Makers as Sales Languish\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>, January 6, 2014\u00a0; Willa Paskin, \u00ab\u00a0Network TV is Broken: So How Does Shonda Rhimes Keep Making Hits\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, May 9, 2013\u00a0; Kelefa Sanneh, \u00ab\u00a0Twenty-Four-Hour Party People. MSNBC Tries to Figure out What Liberals Really Want\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, September 2, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Netflix\u2019 recommendation algorithm: Alexis Madrigal, \u00ab\u00a0How Netflix Reverse Engineered Hollywood<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Atlantic<\/em>, Jan 2, 2014\u00a0(this article shows how Netflix divided Hollywood movies in 76\u00a0897 micro-genres\u00a0; it describes also how The Atlantic<\/em> have been able to discover, thanks to Film\u2019s URL on Netflix, the micro-genres list).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the future of traditional cultural criticism<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Alexandra Molotkow, \u00ab School Music Snob Is the Least Cool Kid on Twitter<\/a> \u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, April 8, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Adam Kirsch, Anna Holmes, \u00ab\u00a0How Has Twitter Changed the Role of the Literary Critic\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Oct 29, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Motoko Rich, \u00ab\u00a0Washington Post\u2019s Book World Goes Out of Print as a Separate Section<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New<\/em> York<\/em> Times<\/em>, Jan 29, 2009\u00a0; Motoko Rich, \u00ab\u00a0Are Book Reviewers Out of Print\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb, New<\/em> York<\/em> Times<\/em>, May 2, 2007\u00a0; Steve Wasserman, \u00ab\u00a0Goodbye to All That\u00a0\u00bb, Columbia Journalism Review<\/em>, Oct 2007.<\/p>\n

\u2013 William Skidelsky, \u00ab\u00a0Critical Condition<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Prospect<\/em> Magazine<\/em>, Feb 2008. (article sur l\u2019affaiblissement de la critique de livres et le \u00ab\u00a0literary journalism\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n

\u2013 David Carr, \u00ab\u00a0Now on the Endangered Species List\u00a0: Movie Critics in Print<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New<\/em> York<\/em> Times<\/em>, April 1, 2008.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Bill Keller, \u00ab\u00a0All the Aggregation That\u2019s Fit to Aggregate<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>,<\/p>\n

March 10, 2011. (An attack by the former editor of the New York Times against, among others, Ariana Huffington\u2019s Huffington Post).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Alex Ross, <\/em>\u00ab\u00a0The Classical Cloud<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, Sept 8, 2014 (an article about the future of classical recorded music in a time of digitalization, recommendation and algorithms).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Michael Roston, \u00ab\u00a0If a tweet worked once, send it again – and other lessons from the New York Times\u2019 social media desk<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Jan. 6, 2014 (an inside view of the NYT\u2019s strategy on Twitter).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Dwight Garner, \u00ab\u00a0Creative Writing, via a Workshop or the Big City. MFA vs. NYC\u00a0: The Two Cultures of American Fiction<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Feb. 25, 2014. (An article about the controversial paper by Chad Harbach, published in the journal n + 1<\/em>, on the future of creative writing in the US)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

On prescription and new trend-setters<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 On Gawker, see: Carla Blumenkranz, \u00ab\u00a0Gawker\u00a0: 2002-2007\u00a0\u00bb, n+1<\/em>, Winter 2008\u00a0; Ben McGrath, \u00ab\u00a0Search and Destroy, Nick Denton\u2019s blog empire<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, Oc. 18, 2010\u00a0; Jay Dixit, \u00ab\u00a0The Duel for the Dirt<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Jan. 30, 2005\u00a0; Warren St. John, \u00ab\u00a0A New York State of Blog<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, May 18, 2003\u00a0; Justin Miller, \u00ab\u00a0Gawker Changed the Internet. Can it Change Workplace Organizing\u00a0?\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The American Prospect<\/em>, May 28, 2015\u00a0; Jonathan Mahler, \u00ab\u00a0Gawker\u2019s Moment of Truth<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, June 12, 2015.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Andrew Marantz, \u00ab\u00a0The Virologist<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The<\/em> New<\/em> Yorker<\/em>, Jan 5, 2015 (a key article about Emerson Spartz, startuper who founded Dose, OMG Facts, GivesMeHope etc.)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Jeff Meeds, \u00ab\u00a0The New Tastemakers<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Sept 3, 2006.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Jon Pareles, \u00ab\u00a02006, Brought to You by You<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New<\/em> York<\/em> Times<\/em>, Dec 10, 2006.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Somini Sengupta, Ben Sisario, \u00ab\u00a0Facebook as Tastemake<\/a>r\u00a0\u00bb, New<\/em> York<\/em> Times<\/em>, Sept 22, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Wattpad, a Facebook for books, see\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Wattpad, le club en ligne des adolescentes<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Fev 7, 2015, Slate.fr<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Mark Zuckerberg new Facebook book review page, see\u00a0: Lizzie Widdicombe, \u00ab\u00a0The Zuckerberg Bump<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, Jan 19, 2015\u00a0; Anna Wiener, \u00ab\u00a0Mark Zuckerberg is Not Oprah<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Gawker, Sept 1, 2015.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Globalization and the Localization of Music<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 See: Fernando Ferreira & Joel Waldfogel, \u00ab\u00a0Pop Internationalism\u00a0: Has a Half Century of World Music Trade Displaced Local Culture\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economic Journal<\/em>, June 2013. (The study has been made on 1.2 million chart entries in 22 countries, covering 68,283 songs and 23,377 artists).<\/p>\n

\u2013 On classical music and the internet, see: Alex Ross, \u00ab\u00a0The Well-Tempered Web<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>, October 22, 2007. I also enjoyed reading Alex Ross, The Rest is Noise, Listening to the Twentieth Century<\/em>, Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2007 (see: last chapter and conclusion).<\/p>\n

\u2013 On e-commerce in India see: Vikas Bajaj, \u00ab\u00a0In India, Online Retailers Take a New Tack<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, September 14, 2011.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Advertising in the Digital Age<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Thousands of articles are available on this vast topic. I mention here only books and articles that I have read and used: <\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Leslie Kaufman, \u00ab\u00a0Seeking a Lead on News, Network Turns to Data-Mining Media Group<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>February 23, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Omnipotent or Omnishambles\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The Economist<\/em>, August 3rd 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Melinda F. Emerson, \u00ab\u00a0E-Commerce Company Learns to Sell Directly on Facebook<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, \u00a0The New York Times, <\/em>July 26, 2013.
\n\u2013 Tanzina Vega, \u00ab\u00a0 Two Ad Giants Chasing Google in Merger Deal<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>July 28, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Jeffrey Rosen, \u00ab\u00a0Who Do Online Advertisers Think You Are\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>November 30, 2012.
\n\u2013 Jenna Wortham, \u00ab\u00a0Search Takes a Social Turn<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>September 13, 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Stuart Elliott, Advertising Week 2014\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Exploring the Future of Television\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>
\n\u2013 Vindu Goel, \u00ab\u00a0Facebook Tries to Explain Its Privacy Settings but Advertising Still Rules<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Crowdfunding<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Alina Tugend, \u00ab\u00a0Crowdfunding\u2019s Effect on Venerable Nonprofits Raises Concern<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, February 7, 2014\u00a0; Amy Cortese, \u00ab\u00a0The Crowdfunding Crowd in Anxious<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, January 5, 2013.<\/p>\n

Thousands of articles are available on this vast topic. I mention here only books and articles that I have read and used: <\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 I recommend also an interesting discussion between Bill Keller (former editor of the New York Times<\/em>) and Glenn Greenwald : \u00ab\u00a0Is Glenn Greenwald the Future of News\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, October 27, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On \u00ab\u00a0long-form journalism\u00a0\u00bb : Matt Richtel, \u00ab\u00a0A Founder of Twitter Goes Long<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, November 9, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 About Arianna Huffington\u00a0and The Huffington Post\u00a0<\/em>: Andrew Goldman, \u00ab\u00a0Arianna Huffington\u2019s Next Move<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>April 1, 2011\u00a0; David Segal, \u00ab\u00a0Arianna Huffington\u2019s Improbable, Insatiable Content Machine<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, 30 June, 2015.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Joshua Benton, \u00ab\u00a0The leaked New York Times innovation report is one of the key documents of this media age<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Niemanlab.org<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 David Segal, \u00ab\u00a0Arianna Huffington\u2019s Improbable, Insatiable Content Machine\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) & Artificial Intelligence (AI)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Chris Suellentrop, \u00ab\u00a0Virtual Reality Is Here. Can We Play With It\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb The New York Times<\/em>, 03\/23\/2014<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Grand illusions<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb The Economist<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Raffi Khatchadourian, \u00ab\u00a0The Doomsday Invention\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Social TV and streaming video<\/h2>\n

On Social TV in General<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 A good overview on the subject is: Mike Proulx and Stacey Shepatin, Social TV, How Marketers Can Reach and Engage Audiences by Connecting Television to the Web, Social Media, and Mobile<\/em>, publisher: John Wiley & Sons, 2012 (the book is interesting though tedious).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Future of TV<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013\u00a0Brian X. Chen, Nick Wingfield, \u00ab\u00a0\u2018Smart TVs\u2019 Are Next Bet for Makers as Sales Languish<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>, January 6, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Willa Paskin, \u00ab\u00a0Network TV is Broken: So How Does Shonda Rhimes Keep Making Hits\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, May 9, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Kelefa Sanneh, \u00ab\u00a0Twenty-Four-Hour Party People. MSNBC Tries to Figure out What Liberals Really Wan<\/a>t\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, September 2, 2013.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Online Ad Market in the MENA Region<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Digital Broadcast Middle East is a well informed website. ArabNet Digital Summit provides good numbers as well. I use also confidential studies by industry leaders and digital experts.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the Box Office and Movie Industry Statistics <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 I use the MPAA\u2019s statistics for US and International Box Office. For other markets, see Mainstream<\/em> and its bibliography on www.fredericmartel.com<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Social TV and Video Streaming<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Tad Friend, \u00ab\u00a0Hollywood and Vin<\/a>e\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Vindu Goel, \u00ab\u00a0Twitter and Facebook Wield Little Influence on TV Watching<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 David Carr, \u00ab\u00a0The Stream Finally Cracks the Dam of Cable TV<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Time<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mike Isaac and Vindu Goel, \u00ab\u00a0As Twitter Introduces Periscope, Tech Titans Bet on Live Streaming Video\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Video Games<\/h2>\n

On US Direct and Indirect Subsidies to the Video Game Industry<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 David Kocieniewski, \u00ab\u00a0Rich Tax Breaks Bolster Makers of Video Games<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, September 10, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Seth Schiesel, \u00ab\u00a0Supreme Court Has Ruled: Now Games Have a Duty<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, June 28, 2011.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nick Wingfield, \u00ab\u00a0What\u2019s Twitch\u00a0? Gamers Know, and Amazon Is Spending $1 Billion on It<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Video Games in China<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Eric Pfanner, \u00ab\u00a0China Cracks Open the Door for Video Game Consoles, but Doubts Abound<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Jan 8, 2014.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On Video Games in Japan<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Martin Fackler, \u00ab\u00a0Start-Up Spirit Emerges in Japan<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>January 5, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u2013 C\u00e9cile Ducourtieux, \u00ab\u00a0La nouvelle vague high-tech japonaise<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Le Monde<\/em>, May 31, 2013.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On the Video Game Industry
\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Nick Wingfield, \u00ab\u00a0Empty Shelves Signal Revival in Game Consoles<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>December 23, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Activision, see: Amy Chozick, \u00ab\u00a0At Activision, a Hero and Villain, Zapped Into One<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, December 16, 2012 (profile of Bobby Kotick, CEO of Activision Blizzard)<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Nintendo, see: Nick Paumgarten, \u00ab\u00a0Master Of Play<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New Yorker, <\/em>December 20-27, 2010. (Article about the Nintendo Chief Artist)\u00a0; Nick Wingfield, \u00ab\u00a0Nintendo Confronts a Changes Video Game World<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>November 25, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On Ubisoft, see: Caitlin Kelly, \u00ab\u00a0Where the Artists Are the Superheroes<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, April 27, 2013.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Internet & Langage<\/h2>\n

(MOOCS, Globish, langages, Khan Academy)<\/strong><\/p>\n

On \u00ab\u00a0Globish\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 See the book Globish, How the English Language Became the World\u2019s Language<\/em>, by Robert McCrum, Viking, 2010 (see especially chapter 13, \u00ab\u00a0The World At Your Fingertips\u2019\u00a0: From Google to Globish, 1989-2009\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Robert McCrum, William Cran, Robert MacNeil, The Story of English<\/em>, Penguin Books, 2003.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Raffaele Simone, Pris dans la Toile, L\u2019esprit aux temps du web<\/em>, Gallimard, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Articles on the same subject : \u00ab\u00a0Globish For Beginners<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, by Isaac Chotiner, The New Yorker<\/em>, May 31, 2010 and \u00ab\u00a0One World, One Voice<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, by Roy Blount Jr., The New York Times<\/em>, June 9, 2010.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On the \u00ab\u00a0\u00d1\u00a0\u00bb Debate<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 A few articles from El Pais on this debate (in spanish)\u00a0: http:\/\/elpais.com\/diario\/1991\/05\/09\/portada\/673740003_850215.html<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/elpais.com\/diario\/1991\/05\/10\/cultura\/673826417_850215.html<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/elpais.com\/diario\/1993\/01\/24\/cultura\/727830002_850215.html<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/elpais.com\/diario\/1993\/01\/24\/cultura\/727830001_850215.html<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On \u00ab\u00a0Spanish-Speakers\u00a0\u00bb in the US<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 For US Spanish speakers, see: the 2010 Census with projections for 2012 (census.org).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Two articles are helpful: Stuart Elliott, \u00ab\u00a0Web Content Creators Focus on Spanish Speakers<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, May 1, 2013\u00a0; Amy Chozick, \u00ab\u00a0Spanish-Language TV Dramas Heat Up Miami<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, March 9, 2012.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On \u00ab\u00a0Francophonie\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 For statistics on \u00ab\u00a0Francophonie\u00a0\u00bb, see: Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, La Langue fran\u00e7aise dans le monde<\/em>, Nathan, 2010.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On new CIRA\/ACEI (Canada) regulations, see: cira.ca (FAQ, October 12, 2010).<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Internet World Users by Language<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 \u00ab\u00a0EURid-UNESCO World Report on Internationalised Domain Names Deployment 2012\u00a0\u00bb, EURid, <\/em>November 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Internet World Stats (internetworldstats.com) has important statistics about languages. These statistics are compiled from Nielsen Online, International Telecommunications Union, and the GfK Institute.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Estimates of the number of internet users by language are for 2011. These figures are based on the one million most visited websites\u00a0(which are just a part of the total) ; only the home page is analyzed. Data may change quickly as internet and smartphone penetration increase.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

On MOOCs<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Many articles have been written on MOOCs. Here are a few I use: Tamar Lewin, \u00ab\u00a0Harvard and MIT Team Up to Offer Free Online Courses<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, May 2, 2012\u00a0; \u00a0Richard P\u00e9rez-Pena, \u00ab\u00a0Top Universities Test the Online Appeal of Free<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, July 17, 2012\u00a0; Tamar Lewin, \u00ab\u00a0Universities Reshaping Education on the Web<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, July 17, 2012\u00a0; Mark Edmundson, \u00ab\u00a0The Trouble With Online Education\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, July 19, 2012. See also\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Answers for Middle-Aged Seekers of MOOCs<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, Part 1 and Part 2, New York Times<\/em>, September 4, 2013 and September 11, 2013\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0The Attack on the MOOCs\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, The Economist,<\/em> July 20th 2013\u00a0; Tawar Lewin, \u00ab\u00a0Students Rush to Web Classes, but Profits May Be Much Later<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, January 6, 2013\u00a0; Andrew Delbanco, \u00ab\u00a0MOOCs of Hazars<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New Republic<\/em>, March 31, 2013\u00a0; Laura Pappano, \u00ab\u00a0The Year of the MOOC<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Tim<\/em>es, November 2, 2012.<\/p>\n

\u2013 The debate on MOOC efficiency: Alan Robbins, Stephen Schreiber, Myra Lesser, \u00ab\u00a0Online Courses\u00a0: High Hopes, Trimmed<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>December 16, 2013\u00a0; Tamar Lewin, \u00ab\u00a0After Setbacks, Online Courses Are Rethought<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, The New York Times, <\/em>December 10, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On the US Department of State and MOOCs\u00a0: Tamar Lewin, \u00ab\u00a0U.S. Teamps Up With Operator of Online Courses to Plan a Global Network\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, November 1, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On universities going online\u00a0: Nathan Heller, \u00ab\u00a0Laptop U. Has the Future of College Moved Online\u00a0?<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, May 20, 2013.<\/p>\n

\u2013 On TED lectures\u00a0: Nathan Heller, \u00ab\u00a0Listen and Learn<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New Yorker<\/em>, July 9, 2012.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

On Khan Academy<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u2013 Claudia Dreifus, \u00ab\u00a0It All Started With a 12 Years Old Cousin. Salman Khan Turned Family Tutoring into Khan Academy<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, New York Times<\/em>, Jan. 27, 2014.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Liquid Democracy<\/em><\/h2>\n

\u2013 Blondiaux Lo\u00efc, Le nouvel esprit de la d\u00e9mocratie<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Bauman Zygmunt, Liquid Modernity<\/em>. See this article about the book : Stuart Jeffries “Pump-house of the heart<\/a>” The Guardian<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Barber Benjamin, Strong Democracy participatory politics for a new age<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Rosanvallon Pierre, La Contre-d\u00e9mocratie<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Jeremy Helmans, \u00ab\u00a0A quoi ressemble le nouveau pouvoir<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, TED<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 “Le num\u00e9rique au secours de la d\u00e9mocratie ?<\/a>” Soft Power, France Culture<\/p>\n

\u2013 Gilles Bastin “”La D\u00e9mocratie Internet. Promesses et limites”, de Dominique Cardon et “M\u00e9diactivistes”, de Dominique Cardon et Fabien Granjon : l’utopie Internet<\/a>” Le Monde<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 “D\u00e9mocratie liquide<\/a>” L’Alphabet Num\u00e9rique, France Culture<\/p>\n

\u2013 Sophie Fay “Marre de la politique \u00e0 la papa ? Essayez les Civic Tech<\/a>” Nouvel Obs<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 “GOV, l\u2019application pour smartphone qui donne le pouls de l\u2019opinion<\/a>” Le Monde<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 “Baki Youssoufou” ‘We sign it’ est une plateforme de p\u00e9tition de mobilisation citoyenne<\/a>” franceinfo.fr<\/p>\n

\u2013 Corentin Durand “Qu\u2019est-ce que NationBuilder, le CMS qui veut renouveler la d\u00e9mocratie\u00a0?<\/a>” Numerama<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Charles M. Blow “A New Age Of Activism<\/a>” The New York Times<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Big Data<\/h2>\n

\u2013 La bataille mondiale des donn\u00e9es<\/a>, Soft Power, France Culture<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Big Data : qu’en pensent les fran\u00e7ais ?<\/a> Enqu\u00eate Harris interactive<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Eric Schmidt : \u00ab\u00a0Toutes nos activit\u00e9s ont besoin d’intelligence artificielle\u00a0\u00bb<\/a>, Les Echos<\/em>
\n\u2013 Antoine Bonnet,\u00a0Les craintes \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard du Big Data sont-elles l\u00e9gitimes?<\/a> Slate<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 Simon Parkin,\u00a0The Artificially Intelligent Doctor Will Hear You Now<\/a>, Technology Review<\/em><\/p>\n

\n
\n

\u2013 Comment 10 personnes peuvent sauver la vie de 10 millions<\/a>, Paul Duan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u2013\u00a0Gilles Babinet, Big Data, penser l\u2019homme et le monde autrement<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This General Public Online Bibliography is a Compilation of the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[39,63],"tags":[51],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1321"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1321"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1325,"href":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1321\/revisions\/1325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}